Water is considered an everlasting free source that can be acquired naturally. Demand for processed supply water is growing higher due to an increasing population. Sustainable use of water could maintain a balance between its demand and supply. Rainwater harvesting (RWH) is the most traditional and sustainable method, which could be easily used for potable and nonpotable purposes both in residential and commercial buildings. This could reduce the pressure on processed supply water which enhances the green living. This paper ensures the sustainability of this system through assessing several water-quality parameters of collected rainwater with respect to allowable limits. A number of parameters were included in the analysis: pH, fecal coliform, total coliform, total dissolved solids, turbidity, NH3–N, lead, BOD5, and so forth. The study reveals that the overall quality of water is quite satisfactory as per Bangladesh standards. RWH system offers sufficient amount of water and energy savings through lower consumption. Moreover, considering the cost for installation and maintenance expenses, the system is effective and economical.

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Background:Tropical pyomyositis is characterized by suppuration within skeletal muscles, manifesting as single or multiple abscesses. Though primarily a disease of tropics, it is increasingly being reported from temperate regions in immunosuppressed patients. However, India has only few sporadic case reports.Aims:The aim of this study is to evaluate the causative organisms, clinical presentations, diagnostic modalities, treatment protocols and outcome data in tropical pyomyositis patients.Subjects and Methods:The study was carried out in Nilratan Sircar Medical College and Hospital, Kolkata over 3 years (July 2010 to June 2013). A total of 12 patients were diagnosed with tropical pyomyositis (confirmed with aspiration and culture of pus from muscle). All the investigation and treatment data were recorded systematically.Results:The presenting feature was high fever and myalgia in all 12 patients. Quadriceps femoris was the most commonly involved muscle (50%); followed by iliopsoas (25%). Culture of the aspirate showed Staphylococcus aureus in nine patients (75%), Klebsiella pneumonia in one patient (8.33%) and no growth in two patients (16.67%) even after tubercular and fungal culture.Conclusions:Tropical pyomyositis can affect immune-competent individuals. S. aureus is the most commonly cultured organism. Immediate initiation of appropriate antibiotics and surgical debridement are required to avoid complications. The prognosis remains excellent if promptly treated.

Objective:The study was aimed to isolate, identify, and characterize common indicator bacteria, including Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. in manure and bio-slurry samples of different livestock farms and biogas plants of Bangladesh.Materials and Methods:A total of 114 samples of manure and bio-slurry were collected from different livestock farms and biogas plants in Bangladesh. The total viable count (TVC), E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were determined by the spread plate technique method. Isolation and identification were performed by colony characteristics, staining, biochemical tests, and, finally, by using PCR. Antibiotic susceptibility test of the isolated bacteria was tested against commonly used antibiotics by using the disk diffusion method.Results:The mean TVC, E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. counts were ranged from 8.19–10.75, 5.2–6.96, 5.81–6.87, 5.68–7.68 in manure samples and 7.26–8.65, 3.82–5.2, 4–5.54, 3.14–5.9 log cfu/gm in bio-slurry, respectively. In anaerobic digester after 30 days digestion, the presence of E. coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. varied from 0–5.11, 0–4.84, and 0–5.59 log cfu/gm at 25°C, 27°C, 29°C, and 45°C temperature. Above-mentioned bacteria were absent in bio-slurry collected from anaerobic digester after 60 days digestion at environmental temperature. Bacterial counts were reduced significantly in both household slurry pits and experimental anaerobic digester. Antibiotic susceptibility results revealed that multidrug-resistant indicator bacteria were present in the bio-slurry samples.Conclusion:Our findings conclude that the microbial load after treatment of animal manure via anaerobic digestion (Biogas plant) was grossly reduced and the reduction of bacterial pathogen depends on the duration and temperature of digestion.