The objective of the study was to investigate the gender-specific prevalence of emotional and behavioural problems in children and adolescents in out-of-home childcare, compared with patients in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions. The total population of clients in residential childcare institutions in Oslo, Norway, was investigated by the use of standardized questionnaires (Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report) and compared to all same-aged patients residing in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions in the same area at the same time. Boys in residential childcare had emotional and behavioural problem levels comparable to boys in child and adolescent psychiatric institutions, as measured by the questionnaires. Girls in residential childcare did not reach problem levels as high as those found in girls in psychiatric institutions, but problem levels were still well above those found in the general population. It was concluded that institutionalized childcare clients had a high prevalence of behavioural and emotional problems, as measured by Achenbach's Child Behavior Checklist and Youth Self Report.

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A B S T R A C TChildren residing in care (hereafter referred to as childcare residents) are a riskgroup for emotional disturbances and behaviour problems. Based on existing knowledge of risk factors one would also expect this population to be a high-risk group for eating disorders and related body-image disorders. The objective of this study was to describe pathological eating behaviour, dysfunctional body focusing and psychological symptoms in a sample of childcare residents compared with a non-clinical sample. Sixty-one childcare residents (aged 14-21 years, mean 16.2) and a non-clinical comparison group (n = 196) completed the Eating Disorders Inventory -Child version (EDI-C). The childcare residents also completed an extended questionnaire, including questions regarding the use of anabolic-androgenic steroids. Our main findings were high scores on EDI-C symptom scales for boys in the childcare resident group; few differences between girls in the two samples; and a high frequency of having used anabolic-androgenic steroids among boys in care. Body-image problems among boys have hitherto been given little attention. The results call for increased efforts in describing and detecting pathological cognitions, emotions and behaviour concerning the body in males in general and, more specifically, in high-risk male groups, such as childcare residents. K E Y W O R D S body image, childcare institutions, eating disorders, embodiment, metaphorT H I S I S A study of children residing in care (hereafter referred to as childcare residents) and their relationship with their own bodies. Most of the adolescents in this type of care have experienced troubled lives; deprivation, loss, abuse or parental neglect. More specifically this study addresses the embodiment of troubled lives. Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry

Socialt udsatte børn og unge i et handlekompetenceperspektiv Af Pär Nygren © Danmarks Paedagogiske Universitetsforlag og forfatteren Dette materiale er under samme titel oprindeligt publiceret af HPA-projektet ved Danmarks Paedagogiske Universitet, Aarhus Universitet (HPA -Handlekompetence i paedagogisk arbejde med udsatte børn og unge). Oprindelig udgivet fra 2006-2007. Se mere om HPA på www.dpu.dk/hpa. ISBN 978-87-7684-244-4 13. Pär Nygren: At udvikles ved at udvikle -en model for deltagerstyrede forandringsprocesser i HPA's udviklingsdel. ISBN 978-87-7684-245-1 14. Bente Jensen & Mie Rasbech: Evaluering af lokale udviklingsprocesser -Om modelog metodeudvikling i evalueringsperspektiv. ISBN 978-87-7684-246-8 Kopiering af denne bog er kun tilladt ifølge aftale med Copy-Dan www.forlag.dpu.dk FORORD Dette arbejdsmateriale er udarbejdet som en del af forskningsprojektet 'Handlekompetencer i paedagogisk arbejde med socialt udsatte børn og unge -indsats og effekt' (HPA-projektet). Materialet er en del af en serie på i alt 14 tekster, der alle stammer fra projektet, som blev søsat i 2006.Projektets sigte er at udvikle metoder, der giver paedagoger mulighed for at udvikle deres paedagogiske handlekompetencer, så de kan fremme udsatte børns handlemuligheder og livschancer.Negativ social arv knytter sig til den kendsgerning, at de socioøkonomiske vilkår ikke er ens for alle, men er ligeledes bundet til den marginalisering, som socialt udsatte ofte oplever. De to former for negativ social arv kan gensidigt forstaerke hinanden. Når en marginaliseringsproces først er i gang, er det vanskeligt at bryde den. Processen føres ofte videre fra generation til generation, blandt andet på grund af et mangelfuldt socialt netvaerk og på grund af manglende personlige ressourcer hos de involverede.Det er disse processer, der ofte beskrives som 'onde cirkler'. Daginstitutionen har unikke muligheder for at styrke børns udvikling og laering fra den tidligste alder, men der kan også vaere risiko for, at det modsatte sker -at børn praeget af 'negativ social arv' fastholdes i eller måske oven i købet forstaerker de negative mønstre. Døgninstitutioner har andre muligheder for at gribe ind og støtte udsatte børn i deres videre udviklingsforløb.Der er bred enighed om, at en tidlig indsats over for socialt udsatte børn og unge kan give bedre livschancer for disse børn. Vi ved også fra anden forskning, at en satsning, der rettes imod udvikling af børns kompetencer og laeringspotentialer og en samtidig modarbejdning af risikoprocesser, er et skridt på vejen. HPA-projektet vil i forlaengelse heraf identificere de paedagogiske interventioner, der opnår de bedste resultater i forhold til at bryde den negative sociale arv. I projektet laegges der både vaegt på børnenes og paedagogernes handlekompetencer. Begrebet handlekompetence kan defineres ud fra fem dimensioner, som tilsammen gør det muligt for det enkelte menneske at navigere i de omgivelser, som det er en del af De fem dimensioner er: 1) viden, 2) faerdigheder, 3) evne til at tage kontrol, 4) id...

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