All life on earth is intrinsically linked. At the very foundation of everyevolutionary interaction are microorganisms; integral components in thecomposition of both organisms and ecosystems. This perspectivechallenges the traditional conception of monogenetic biologicalindividuals, suggesting living beings are actually composite multi-speciescomplexes; holobionts. In the present article, we introduce the conceptof the holobiont mind; a biogenic conception of cognition. Wefurthermore expand on the idea of the mind as the emerging product ofmulti-genomic morphology of a composite agent, in ever changinginteraction with its ecological niche. We briefly review recent evidence onthe Brain-Gut-Microbiome axis and the Microbiome of the BuiltEnvironment in order to provide a bridge between the Holobiont Mindand the 4E approach to Cognition, two complementary lines of evidencethat have not been linked before, opening novel venues for research withdirect impact on health and disease.

Recent developments in psychology and neuroscience have greatly advanced our understanding of cognition. But while classical laboratory experiments have been crucial to informing models of brain functioning, these types of experiments generally do not capture the experiences of the real world and therefore lack ecological validity. Due to the nature of study designs, an understanding of the dynamics of the brain/body system in action in the world has been missing. However, new epistemological and methodological approaches promise a radical solution to this problem.This paper begins by briefly presenting the target theoretical framework for this special edition, which matches the theoretical needs of recent technological advancements in the field of Mobile Brain/Body Imaging (MoBI). We provide empirical evidence to justify the paradigmatic change and review the technological developments which made it possible. Finally, we discuss the challenges and opportunities for research programs based on this paradigm.

TRADUCCIÓN por EILIS REARDON (Connecticut College - ereardon@conncoll.edu). Avances tecnológicos recientes englobados bajo de Mobila Brain/Body Imaging framework (Makeig et al., 2009), ha producido emocionantes nuevos resultados experimentales que vinculan el mente, el cerebro, y el comportamiento (Gramann et al., 2014; Ladouce et al., 2017; Shamay-Tsoory & Mendelsohn, 2019). El objetivo principal del enfoque de MoBI es modelar los dinámicas cerebral y corporal durante cada dia, natural, situaciones de la vida real. Sin embargo, a pesar de que se han realizado avances considerables tanto en hardware como en software (Blum et al., 2019; Debener et al., 2015; Ojeda et al., 2014), las condiciones técnicas y analiticas aun no son optimas (Gramann et al., 2014; Ladouce et al., 2017; Matusz et al., 2019; Parada, 2018). El enfoque MoBI esta basado en adjuntar sensores neuroconductuales sincronizados, pequeños, y livianos a los participantes y alrededor de ellos durante la configuración de estructuras, semiestructuradas y desestructuraciones medidas conductualmente (Gramann et al., 2014; Parada, 2018). Estos sensores aun tienen que volverse completamente discretos o transparentes (Bleichner & Debener, 2018; Debener et al., 2015). A pesar de un considerable vacío tecnico y analitico todavia existe, aquistucion de cerebro/cuerpo dinámicas durante situaciones de la vida real (e.g. Nann et al., 2019; Piñeyro Salvidegoitia et al., 2019; Rodríguez et al., 2018; Zink et al., 2016), asi como en virtual, modificado, y/o entornos de laboratorio extendidos ha tenido exito en muchos casos (e.g. Djebbara et al., 2019; Gramann et al., 2010; Jungnickel & Gramann, 2016; Soto et al., 2018).