With increasing global competitions there is a growing need to develop environmentally benevolent nanoparticles without the use of toxic chemicals. The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts became one of the potential areas of research. The bioreduction of metal ion is quite rapid, readily perform at room temperature and easily scale up. The present study describes a rapid and eco-friendly synthesis of AgNPs using Eclipta alba plant extract in a single pot process. The efficiency and the influence of various process variables in the biosynthesis of AgNPs analysed include redundant concentration, temperature and time. AgNPs were rapidly synthesized using aqueous leaf extract of E. alba and was observed when the medium turned to brown colour with the addition of silver ion. Biosynthesized AgNPs were characterized by the help of UV-visible spectroscopy for their stability and physicochemical parameters were studied by dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy. The obtained results confirmed that recorded UV spectra show the characteristic surface plasmon resonance band for AgNPs in the range of 400-440 nm and physiochemical structural analysis shown that obtained AgNPs were crystalline in nature. Further, cytotoxic and antimicrobial activities of biosynthesized AgNPs against RAW 254.7, MCF-7 and Caco-2 cells as well as Gram positive and Gram negative bacteria were assessed. In-vitro cytotoxicity activity of characterized AgNPs against tested cell lines showed significant anti-cell-proliferation effect in nanomolar concentrations. The antibacterial activity of synthesized AgNPs showed effective inhibitory activity against human pathogens, including, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Thus, the significant outcome of this study would help to formulate value added herbal-based nano-materials in biomedical and nanotechnology industries.

mechanism or action is known. [3] Many herbal preparations are being prescribed widely for the treatment of inflammatory conditions. [4] There is a need for research and developmental work in herbal medicine because apart from the social and economic benefits, it has become a persistent aspect of present day health care in developing countries. Plant secondary metabolites have provided an important source of drugs since ancient times and now around half of the practical drugs used are derived from natural sources. [5] Some research has shown that flavonoid compounds are present in various plants; exert beneficial effects on human health such as cardiovascular protection, anti-cancer activity, antinociceptive activity and anti inflammatory effects. [6,7,8] It is known that there are links between the inflammatory and nociceptive, oxidative and cancer processes. The ability to inhibit any of the processes will definitely lead to the inhibition of the others. [9] Water soluble extract from leaves of M. calabura produced potent antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities. The preliminary phytochemical analysis performed in M. calabura leaves showed the presence of flavonoids, chalcones, terpenoids and phenolic compounds. The constituents responsible for the analgesic and anti inflammatory effects of M. calabura have not yet been elucidated. [10]

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In the present study, 40 pigment-producing microbes were isolated from various soil sources. Among these, a novel water-soluble yellow pigment-producing fungal isolate (MBYP1) was identified as . through ITS gene sequencing. The maximum pigment yield (UA, 12.45 ± 0.5 g/l) was obtained when strain MBYP1 was cultured under optimum conditions (28 °C and pH 5.5 under static condition). Subsequently, the pigment was purified through gel chromatography and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Characterization of purified pigment through UV-Vis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) reveal maximum absorbance at 430 nm and molecular mass of 301 /, respectively. Further, the pigment exhibited a maximum dyeing capacity of up to 80% irrespective of mordant. Toxicity evaluation of purified pigment with zebra fish model system reported an IC50 value of 710 µg/mL. Pigment antioxidant ability was established by DPPH (35.7 µg/mL) and phosphomolybdenum assay (226.61 mg/g) thus ascertaining improvised light fastness of dyed fabric. Moreover, lack of antimicrobial activity (up to 40 µg/mL) improves pigment bio-degradability. In collective, the novel yellow pigment from sp. MBYP1 strain was found to be an eco-friendly alternative to synthetic dye for potential applications in textile industries.