Solar water heater (SWH), one of the most popular solar thermal systems, accounts for 80% of the solar thermal market worldwide. This review paper presents the previous work on solar water heater using phase change material. PCM had been used in different part of heating networks including shell and tube type collectors, flat pate collectors and evacuated tube collectors. Recent findings about the effects of phase change material on various solar collectors are discussed. This review highlights the need for further research in improving the solar water heater using materials for latent heat storage.

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PurposeThe study focuses on examining the impact of the supply shock on the Indian macroeconomic variables during the COVID-19 period.Design/methodology/approachTime-varying factor augmented vector autoregressive model has been employed to study the asymmetry in transmission of supply shock on Indian economy during pre- and post-COVID-19 times.FindingsThe authors find that with supply shock, retail food inflation outpaced in COVID-19 times. Production levels reported by IIP fell to abysmally low levels in the post-COVID-19 times when the economy stalled. The liquidity stimulus provided by the central bank led to the negative response of policy rates to the supply shocks during the COVID-19 times.Originality/valueThe study stands novel in examining the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on Indian economy through the lenses of asymmetric transmission of supply shock during pre- and post-COVID-19 times.

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