(1) Background: Coronary angiography is considered to be the most reliable method for the diagnosis of cardiovascular disease. However, angiography is an invasive procedure that carries a risk of complications; hence, it would be preferable for an appropriate method to be applied to determine the necessity for angiography. The objective of this study was to compare support vector machine, naïve Bayes and logistic regressions to determine the diagnostic factors that can predict the need for coronary angiography. These models are machine learning algorithms. Machine learning is considered to be a branch of artificial intelligence. Its aims are to design and develop algorithms that allow computers to improve their performance on data analysis and decision making. The process involves the analysis of past experiences to find practical and helpful regularities and patterns, which may also be overlooked by a human. (2) Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed on 1187 candidates for angiography referred to Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad, Iran from 2011 to 2012. A logistic regression, naive Bayes and support vector machine were applied to determine whether they could predict the results of angiography. Afterwards, the sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, AUC (area under the curve) and accuracy of all three models were computed in order to compare them. All analyses were performed using R 3.4.3 software (R Core Team; Auckland, New Zealand) with the help of other software packages including receiver operating characteristic (ROC), caret, e1071 and rminer. (3) Results: The area under the curve for logistic regression, naïve Bayes and support vector machine were similar—0.76, 0.74 and 0.75, respectively. Thus, in terms of the model parsimony and simplicity of application, the naïve Bayes model with three variables had the best performance in comparison with the logistic regression model with seven variables and support vector machine with six variables. (4) Conclusions: Gender, age and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were found to be the most important factors to predict the result of coronary angiography. The naïve Bayes model performed well using these three variables alone, and they are considered important variables for the other two models as well. According to an acceptable prediction of the models, they can be used as pragmatic, cost-effective and valuable methods that support physicians in decision making.

Background: Poisoning is a medical emergency, and is considered as a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, the extended Cox model was used to determine the factors affecting the length of hospitalization in those with drug poisoning. Methods: The sample size included 2408 patients with opioids poisoning referring to the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from March 21, 2018 to March 20, 2019. Extended Cox model was fitted to determine the effect of five covariates (age, gender, marital status, type of poisoning, and type of opioids). In survival analysis, the length of hospitalization was considered as a time covariate (T). Patients’ recovery was also regarded as an event. Results: Of 2408 patients, 399 (16.6%) were censored and 2009 (83.4%) were uncensored. The risk of failure in complete recovery from poisoning in males was 1.189 times more compared to females. The risk of failure in complete recovery for the 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, and >65 years age groups were 0.277, 0.241, 0.289, and 0.481 times lower, respectively compared to the <2 years age group. For the married patients, the risk was 0.291 times lower compared to the divorced patients. For those poisoned accidentally, the risk was 0.490 times lower than compared to those poisoned intentionally. For those used methadone, morphine, opium, and tramadol, the risk was 1.195, 1.243, 1.193, and 1.147 times more, respectively compared to those used marijuana. By increasing the time (day) of hospital stay, the risk of failure for the 25-44, 45-64, and >65 years age groups were 1.024, 1.028, and 1.040 times more, respectively compared to the <2 years age group. Moreover, for those poisoned accidentally, the risk was 1.197 times more compared to those poisoned intentionally by the time (day) of hospital stay. Conclusion: The factors affecting the length of hospitalization in those poisoned by drugs are gender, marital status, and type of opioids covariate as time-independent covariate, and age and type of poisoning as time-dependent covariates. Since the complications of drug poisoning impose many costs on the health system, knowledge of these covariates can help take some measures for complete recovery of poisoned patients in a shorter length of hospital stay.

Background: Poisoning is a medical emergency, and is considered as a common cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. In this study, the extended Cox model was used to determine the factors affecting the length of hospitalization in those with drug poisoning. Methods: The sample size included 2408 patients with opioids poisoning referring to the Emergency Department of Imam Reza Hospital in Mashhad, Iran from March 21, 2018 to March 20, 2019. Extended Cox model was fitted to determine the effect of five covariates (age, gender, marital status, type of poisoning, and type of opioids). In survival analysis, the length of hospitalization was considered as a time covariate (T). Patients’ recovery was also regarded as an event. Results: Of 2408 patients, 399 (16.6%) were censored and 2009 (83.4%) were uncensored. The risk of failure in complete recovery from poisoning in males was 1.189 times more compared to females. The risk of failure in complete recovery for the 15-24, 25-44, 45-64, and >65 years age groups were 0.277, 0.241, 0.289, and 0.481 times lower, respectively compared to the <2 years age group. For the married patients, the risk was 0.291 times lower compared to the divorced patients. For those poisoned accidentally, the risk was 0.490 times lower than compared to those poisoned intentionally. For those used methadone, morphine, opium, and tramadol, the risk was 1.195, 1.243, 1.193, and 1.147 times more, respectively compared to those used marijuana. By increasing the time (day) of hospital stay, the risk of failure for the 25-44, 45-64, and >65 years age groups were 1.024, 1.028, and 1.040 times more, respectively compared to the <2 years age group. Moreover, for those poisoned accidentally, the risk was 1.197 times more compared to those poisoned intentionally by the time (day) of hospital stay. Conclusion: The factors affecting the length of hospitalization in those poisoned by drugs are gender, marital status, and type of opioids covariate as time-independent covariate, and age and type of poisoning as time-dependent covariates. Since the complications of drug poisoning impose many costs on the health system, knowledge of these covariates can help take some measures for complete recovery of poisoned patients in a shorter length of hospital stay.