No abstract

Background: Radiological imaging plays a pivotal role in forensic anthropology. As have the imaging techniques advances, so have the digital skeletal measurements inched towards precision. Secular trends of the population keep on changing in modern times. Hence, finding the precise technique of bone measurement, with greater reproducibility, in modern population is always needed in making population specific biological profile. Aim and Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the accuracy of the foramen magnum measurement, obtained by three dimensional multi-detector computed tomography using volume rendering technique with the cut off value of each variable, in sex determination of an individual. Materials and Methods: Two metric traits, an antero-posterior diameter (APD) and transverse diameter (TD), were measured digitally in an analysis of 130 radiological images having equal proportion of male and female samples. Foramen magnum index and area of foramen magnum (Area by Radinsky's [AR], Area by Teixeira's [AT]) were derived from APD and TD. Results: Descriptive statistical analysis, using unpaired t-test, showed significant higher value in males in all the variables. Using Pearson correlation analysis, maximum correlation was observed between area (AT and AR r = 0.999) and between area and TD (AR r = 0.955 and AT r = 0.945 respectively). When used individually, TD had the highest predictive value (67.7%) for sex determination among all the parameters followed by AT (65.4%) and AR (64.6%). Cutoff value of variables TD, AR and AT were 29.9 mm, 841.80 mm2 and 849.70 mm2 respectively. Receiver operating characteristic curve predicted male and female sex with 96.2% and 89.2% accuracy respectively. The overall accuracy of the model was 92.7%. Conclusion: Measurements from 3D CT using volume rendering technique were precise, and the application of logistic regression analysis predicted the sex with more accuracy.

BACKGROUND In the preoperative diagnosis and management of patients with gynaecologic pelvic masses, gray scale ultrasound or computed tomography can provide significant clinical data. [1] Accurate evaluation of uterine and adnexal masses has become more feasible because of advances in imaging. Sonography is now considered an extension of the physical examination and is used as the primary imaging technique for the evaluation of any female pelvic mass. [3] Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of ultrasound as an imaging modality in uterine masses in a tertiary care hospital. Aims and Objectives-1. To study the clinico-radiological profile of patients presenting with uterine masses by using sonography. 2. Pre-operative assessment of benign versus malignant tumours by sonography.

BACKGROUND Traditionally, the preoperative radiological evaluation of patients suspected of having a uterine or adnexal mass was limited to barium enema examination and excretory urography to find out the mass effect on the bowel lumen or the urinary tract. Pelvic pneumatography, which showed the lesion directly was full of complications. [1] However, the evolution of new imaging techniques to display normal human anatomy over the past few decades has continued at an astounding pace. Accurate characterisation of adnexal and uterine lesions is of utmost importance in preoperative planning, because it facilitates the choice of therapy and assists the gynaecologists in the design of surgical approach. [2] Hence, this study was conducted to evaluate the role of ultrasound as an imaging modality in neoplastic ovarian masses in a tertiary care hospital. This study was designed-1. To study the clinico-radiological profile of patients presenting with uterine and adnexal masses by using sonography. 2. Pre-operative assessment of benign versus malignant tumours by sonography. 3. To characterise the number, location and extent of tumour masses.

BACKGROUNDTuberculosis is the leading cause of death from a curable infectious disease. [1] Examination by mycobacterial culture provides the only definitive diagnosis of tuberculosis. [3] Isolation of Mycobacteria from specimens contaminated with normal flora like sputum poses a problem in view of high nutritive value of the egg media used for mycobacterial culture. Different laboratories use different decontamination techniques. No single technique is entirely satisfactory. Hence, this study was conducted to compare the Petroff's method and NALC-NAOH (N-Acetyl-L-cysteine NaOH) method digestion decontamination procedures.