Experience sampling or ecological momentary assessment offers unique insights into how people think, feel, and behave in their natural environments. Because the method is able to capture situational variation as it happens in ''real time,'' experience sampling has become an increasingly popular method in social and personality, psychology, and beyond. With the ubiquity of smartphone ownership and the recent technical advances, conducting experience sampling studies on participants' own devices has become increasingly easy to do. Here, we present one reliable, user-friendly, highly customizable, and cost-effective solution. The web-based application, SurveySignal, integrates the idea of using short message service (SMS) messages as signals and reminders, according to fixed or random schedules and of linking these signals to mobile surveys designed with common online survey software. We describe the method and customizable parameters and then present evaluation results from nine social-psychological studies conducted with SurveySignal (overall N ¼ 1,852). Mean response rates averaged 77% and the median response delay to signals was 8 min. An experimental manipulation of the reminder signal in one study showed that installing a reminder SMS led to a 10% increase in response rates. Next to advantages and limitations of the SMS approach, we discuss how ecologically valid research methods such as smartphone experience sampling can enrich psychological research.Experience sampling (also called ecological momentary or ambulatory assessment) is the repeated, context-sensitive measurement of thoughts, feelings, judgments, and behaviors over a given period

III-Nitrides are attracting considerable attention as promising materials for a wide variety of applications due to their wide coverage of direct bandgap range, high electron mobility, high thermal stability and many other exceptional properties. The light-emitting diodes based on III-Nitrides revolutionize the solid-state lighting industry. III-Nitrides based solar cells and thermoelectric generators support the sustainable energy progress, and the III-Nitrides are better alternatives for power and radio frequency (RF) electronics compared with silicon. The doped III-Nitrides' magnetic properties and sensitivity to radiation can contribute to novel spintronic and nuclear detection devices. This paper will review III-nitride material properties and their corresponding applications in LEDs, solar cells, power and radio frequency (RF) electronics, magnetic devices, thermoelectrics and nuclear detection. The typical values of electrical, optical, thermoelectric, magnetic properties are cited, the current state of art investigations are reported, and the future applications are estimated. The III-Nitrides, typically composed of GaN and its alloys with Al and In, are compound semiconductor materials with superior properties and well developed growth techniques 1 that has enabled their use in a board range of applications. The III-Nitrides have a hexagonal wurtzite structure and a continuous alloy system with tunable direct bandgaps from 6.2 eV (AlN) through 3.4 eV (GaN) to 0.7 eV (InN) 2 ( Figure 1). This wide coverage of direct bandgap range from deepultraviolet (UV) to infrared region promises a variety of applications in optoelectronics, such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs), lasers, photodetectors and solar cells. GaN is recognized with high breakdown field, high thermal conductivity, and high electron mobility, making GaN an excellent candidate for high power and RF electronic devices. III-Nitrides exhibit high Seebeck coefficient and excellent temperature stability for high temperature thermoelectric applications. Doped GaN exhibit other unique properties with associated applications; such as transition and rare-earth metals doped GaN with magnetic properties, and indium (In)/gadolinium (Gd)/boron (B)/and lithium (Li) doped GaN for nuclear detection. The ability to access such a wide spectral region and these numerous applications has traditionally required the use of many different III-V materials and complex device structures before the advent of the III-Nitrides. [3][4][5][6][7][8][9] This paper will review various applications of III-Nitrides in including LEDs, solar cells, power and RF electronics, magnetic properties, thermoelectrics and nuclear detection applications, along with their development history, current state of art and future explorations. The III-Nitrides for Light-Emitting DiodesLight-Emitting Diodes are a type of solid state lighting (SSL) source with compact size, high energy efficiency and long lifetime. High brightness LEDs have various application in traffic lights, automobile brake ligh...

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