Background: There are growing evidences that the damage which is caused to the spermatozoa by the Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) plays a key role in the male infertility. The seminal plasma is endowed with many enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidants which protect the spermatozoa against oxidative stress.The present study was undertaken by using a simple, colourimetric, ferric reducing, antioxidant power for assessing the total antioxidant power rather than the individual antioxidants. The measurement of the individual antioxidants in the seminal plasma, such as Superoxide Dismutase, Vitamin E, etc. is time consuming, which often requires sophisticated and expensive techniques and these measurements may not correlate with the quality of semen. Aim:To evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of seminal plasma by estimating the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) of semen in different groups of subjects and to correlate it with the different seminogram parameters. Material and Methods:The semen samples were obtained from 150 male partners of infertile couples who attended the Reproductive Biology Unit (Infertility Clinic) of the Department of Physiology, MGIMS, Sevagram, who were aged 20-58 years and they were analyzed for the routine seminogram parameters. All the subjects were categorized into two main groups, A. The subjects with abnormal ejaculates, who were further sub classified into the following groups i) Asthenoteratozoospermics (n=25) ii) Oligoasthenoteratozoospermics (n=26) and iii) Azoospermics (n=19) and B. The subjects with normal ejacu lates (n=80). The total antioxidant power was measured spectro photometrically by using the Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay. Results:The Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC) was found to be significantly lower in the abnormal ejaculates than in the normal ejaculates. A statistically significant positive correlation was observed between the TAC and all the seminogram parameters such as the sperm concentration, sperm motility and sperm morphology (p<0.05). Conclusion:A decreased seminal plasma antioxidant capacity (TAC) could have significant role in the aetiology of impaired sperm functions. So, the TAC may be used as specific biomarker for assessing the oxidative stress in sperms.

Background: Diabetes is a chronic metabolic abnormality due to either decreased secretion of insulin or decreased tissue sensitivity of insulin resulting in elevated blood glucose. Most common complication of diabetes is peripheral neuropathy. In this research project, we will be conducting a pilot study to observe the effect of glycaemic control on physiological functioning of nerve with the help of neurophysiological parameters, independent of duration of diabetes. Objectives: To investigate relationship of quality of glycemic control & severity of neurological changes. To find out whether glycemic control acts as an independent risk factor for progression of diabetic neuropathy despite the duration of diabetes. To validate the HBA1C at 10 for future longitudinal study to understand the association between glycemic control & progression of neuropathy. Methodology: 60 type II diabetic patients visiting diabetic OPD (Medicine) will participate in the study. The patients will be divided in to 2 groups of Group number 1 with (30 subjects) HBA1C < 10 and Group number 2 having (30 subjects) HBA1C >10. Electrodiagnostic study will be conducted on motor (tibial nerve) and sensory (sural nerve) will be performed in Neurophysiology lab. Neurophysiological parameters data of two groups will be analysed and compared. Expected Results: The pilot study will help to find out whether glycaemic control acts as a separate risk factor for progression of diabetic neuropathy despite duration of diabetes. Conclusion: This pilot study will help to establish the association between quality of glycaemic control and severity of neurological changes. Also, this will help to validate the HBA1C at 10 for further longitudinal study to know whether poor diabetes control is an independent risk factor associated to the severity of neuropathy in type II diabetes.

Anxiety depression is the commonest phenomena in preponderant population. Many individuals might have experience it and still not know, very often in a state of constant denial and negligence with the fact knowingly. The causes can vary from psychological, physiological and traumatic past experiences. This article incorporate studies of anxietydepression and their relationship and causes. Anxiety depression are the most common psychological disorder. Their relationship is very baffling, their symptoms overlaps with each other. There are many causes for it physiological, psychological, behavioural, insomnia, or due to past trauma. Physical exercise reduces the symptoms of mild anxiety and depression.

Introduction: There is a widespread prevalence of obesity and growing evidence suggests its possible adverse effect on cognitive functions. Hence, it is important to study the relationship between Body Mass Index (BMI) and Cognitive Functions. Aim: The aim of this study was to find out the association between BMI and cognitive functions in medical students. The present study also determined whether there are any gender based difference of association of BMI and cognitive functions. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was done at Cognitive function test Laboratory of Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Hospital and Research Centre, Nashik between July and December 2016. Study was done on randomly selected medical undergraduate students (50 male and 50 females) of 18-25 years age group. Height and weight were recorded and subjects were divided into 3 groups based on BMI (in kg/m2) as: Underweight (BMI <18.5 kg/m2), Normal weight (BMI 18.5-25 kg/m2) and Overweight (BMI >25 kg/m2). In all the above BMI groups, four domains of cognitive functions were assessed i.e., attention, perception, executive functions and working memory using Visual and Auditory Reaction Time (VRT and ART) and Go/No-Go VRT and ART; Fast Counting (FC); Eriksen Flanker Test (EFT) and Stroop Test (ST) and Visual Forward (VFDS) and Backward Digit Span (VBDS) test, respectively. The data was statistically analysed and different cognitive function tests were compared in various categories of BMI (viz., underweight, normal and overweight) using ANOVA and Tukey HSD tests. Gender based association of BMI and cognitive functions were also assessed. The data was analysed statistically using SPSS version 16.0 and p-value <0.05 was considered to be significant. Results: On comparing the cognitive functions with BMI, it was found that when whole study population was considered, the difference in time taken by subjects of different BMI categories to give response in VBDS test was found to be statistically significant (p=0.007). When the gender differences were analysed, it was found that in males, the time taken to give response to stimuli with interference (ST) in various BMI categories was statistically significant (p=0.004) and in females, the time taken to give response in VBDS test in various BMI categories was found to be statistically significant (p=0.024). The correlation between the reciprocal of time taken to give response in ST and VBDS and BMI was a weak positive correlation (0.3 < r < 0.5). Conclusion: A weak positive correlation was found between BMI and reciprocal of time taken to give response to stimulus with interference in males and BMI and reciprocal of time taken to give response in VBDS Test in Females.