During the previous decade, the explosion of research articles in the nigrescence area has contributed significantly to the understanding of the relationship between racial identity attitudes and other psychological constructs. In some respects, research that attempts to further develop the theoretical constructs of the nigrescence models has yielded to those studies that attempt to apply the modeL Using the Cross model of psychological nigrescence, the present study sought to build on the work by Cross, Parham and Helms, especially Parham 's recent efforts to elaborate on those factors that might influence the development of a person's racial identity attitudes. Questions regarding specific factors that instigate a person's movement through the stages are explored, as well as questions about various identity resolution alternatives.

Background Qualitative research has identified factors affecting transition from child mental health services (CAMHS) to adult mental health services (AMHS) but it is unclear which of these factors may lead to disengagement from the young persons’ view. Methods N= 272 participants (mean age = 20+/- 2.31, 81% females) who had experience with the UK mental healthcare system (patients, carers, health workers) attempted the survey but only participants who had been treated in CAMHS were included in this study, resulting in a total N=144 (mean age = 19.8+/-2.3, 83% female). This study used a cross-sectional, quantitative survey assessing 12 pre-transition, 16 peri-transition, and 11 post-transition variables. The Client Attachment to Therapist Scale (CATS) was used to measure client attachment to CAMHS and AMHS therapists. Results Successful transition from CAMHS to AMHS was significantly predicted by using a helpful care plan, continuity of treatment between CAMHS and AMHS, and being engaged in a transition service. However, few clients were aware of transition services at the time of transition. Transition satisfaction was significantly predicted by the same variables. In addition, GP support during the transition, and a more secure attachment to AMHS therapists were associated with higher transition satisfaction. Conclusions The results suggest clients’ transition process might be significantly improved by focusing on useful individualised care plans, and ensuring continuity of treatment. Transition success and satisfaction could also be improved by making clients aware of and engaging them in transition services, involving GPs, and working on a secure attachment on the AMHS side.

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