Background: Tuberculosis is one of Iran's most significant infectious diseases, which with the advent of new and chronic diseases, is still known as the most threatening disease of human community. The goal of this research was to assess the result of TB treatment in western Iran (province of Kermanshah) and its associated factors during 2005 to 2017. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, all patients who had tuberculosis from 2005 to the end of 2017 were evaluated. Treatment outcomes were categorized into four domains of “treatment completion," “death," “treatment failure," and “recoveries" based on national guidelines, and factors affecting outcome were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression. Results: Tuberculosis incidence was 15.21 in males and 14.32 in females per 100,000 individuals. The therapy result was almost uniform during the years investigated. 32.2% had extra pulmonary TB; 58.7% completed treatment; 9.9% died, and 4.1% had treatment failure. After controlling for key factors, the odds of completion of therapy in females were 1.1 (1.0-1.3) times greater than in males, and therapy failure and mortality caused by tuberculosis were also smaller in females than in males 0.6(0.4-0.8) and 0.5(0.3-0.7) respectively). HIV was the greatest variable in the prevalence of tuberculosis with 9.5 (5.8–16.8) times greater chances of death in HIV-positive people than those without HIV. Conclusion: Given the high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and public health concerns, early screening and infection diagnosis, education and protective measures are suggested to prevent tuberculosis patients. Keywords: Epidemiology, Tuberculosis, Tuberculosis treatment results, Iran.

Introduction Tuberculosis is one of Iran's most significant infectious diseases, which with the advent of new and chronic diseases, is still known as the most threatening disease of human community. The goal of this research was to assess the result of TB treatment in western Iran (province of Kermanshah) and its associated factors during 2005 to 2017.Method In this cross-sectional study, all patients who had tuberculosis from 2005 to the end of 2017 were evaluated. Treatment outcomes were categorized into four domains of “treatment completion," “death," “treatment failure," and “recoveries" based on national guidelines, and factors affecting outcome were identified using univariate and multivariate logistic regression.Results Tuberculosis incidence was 15.21 in males and 14.32 in females per 100,000 individuals. The therapy result was almost uniform during the years investigated. 32.2% had extra pulmonary TB; 58.7% completed treatment; 9.9% died, and 4.1% had treatment failure. After controlling for key factors, the odds of completion of therapy in females were 1.1 (1.0-1.3) times greater than in males, and therapy failure and mortality caused by tuberculosis were also smaller in females than in males 0.6(0.4-0.8) and 0.5(0.3-0.7) respectively). HIV was the greatest variable in the prevalence of tuberculosis with 9.5 (5.8–16.8) times greater chances of death in HIV-positive people than those without HIV.Conclusion Given the high prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis and public health concerns, early screening and infection diagnosis, education and protective measures are suggested to prevent tuberculosis patients.