Motion Induced Blindness (MIB) is a well-established visual phenomenon whereby highly salient targets disappear when viewed against a moving background mask. No research has yet explored whether contracting and expanding optic flow can also trigger target disappearance. We explored MIB using mask speeds corresponding to driving at 35, 50, 65 and 80 km/h in simulated forward (expansion) and backward (contraction) motion as well as 2-D radial movement, random, and static mask motion types. Participants (n = 18) viewed MIB targets against masks with different movement types, speed, and target locations. To understand the relationship between saccades, pupil response and perceptual disappearance, we ran two additional eye-tracking experiments (n = 19). Target disappearance increased significantly with faster mask speeds and upper visual field target presentation. Simulated optic flow and 2-D radial movement caused comparable disappearance, and all moving masks caused significantly more disappearance than a static mask. Saccades could not entirely account for differences between conditions, suggesting that self-motion optic flow does cause MIB in an artificial setting. Pupil analyses implied that MIB disappearance induced by optic flow is not subjectively salient, potentially explaining why MIB is not noticed during driving. Potential implications of MIB for driving safety and Head-Up-Display (HUD) technologies are discussed.

A slotted waveguide antenna, as part of a wireless battery system for a bone fixation implant called the Echidna Pin is proposed. The antenna has 3-dB beamwidth of 65 in both E-and H-planes and its gain is 7.7 dBi at 21 GHz. The proposed antenna is conformal to the body of the pin and uses the pin as a waveguide. It is shown that placing a small Perspex plate after the waveguide launcher allows satisfactory return loss performance at all resonant frequencies as the length of the waveguide changes. The pin is used in distraction osteogenesis and allows the distance between the two surgically broken pieces of bone to be changed, thus expanding both soft tissue and bone volume simultaneously. The wireless battery system allows reception of RF power and eliminates the need for daily manipulations on an externally fitted device, or an operation on the body to change the length of the pin. It also makes the treatment significantly less painful for the patient and reduces the risk of infection.Index Terms-Biomedical applications of electromagnetic radiation, circular waveguides, implantable biomedical devices, loaded waveguides, slot arrays.

11Motion Induced Blindness (MIB) is a well-established visual phenomenon whereby highly salient targets disappear when viewed against a moving background mask. No research has yet explored whether contracting and expanding optic flow can also trigger target disappearance. We explored MIB using mask speeds corresponding to driving at 35, 50, 65 and 80 km/h in simulated forward (expansion) and backward (contraction) motion as well as 2-D radial movement, random, and static mask motion types. Participants (n = 18) viewed MIB targets against masks with different movement types, speed, and target locations. To understand the relationship between saccades, pupil response and perceptual disappearance, we ran two additional eye-tracking experiments (n = 19). Target disappearance increased significantly with faster mask speeds and upper visual field target presentation. Simulated optic flow and 2-D radial movement caused comparable disappearance, and all moving masks caused significantly more disappearance than a static mask. Saccades could not entirely account for differences between conditions, suggesting that self-motion optic flow does cause MIB in an artificial setting. Pupil analyses implied that MIB disappearance induced by optic flow is not subjectively salient, potentially explaining why MIB is not noticed during driving. Potential implications of MIB for driving safety and Head-Up-Display (HUD) technologies are discussed. 12 Introduction 13 Motion Induced Blindness (MIB) is a visual phenomenon whereby highly salient visual targets become temporarily invisible 14 despite their ongoing physical presence in one's visual field, when viewed against the background of a global moving mask 1 . 15 MIB is one of many bistable perceptual phenomena 2 used with increasing popularity to investigate the mechanisms of perceptual 16 organisation 3-5 . These bistable phenomena allow subjects to experience varying phenomenology while receiving physically 17 constant visual input, thus, they can help delineate the neural correlates of consciousness by dissociating physical stimuli from 18 conscious perception 2, 3, 6 . 19MIB has been extensively studied under stimulus parameters designed to optimise perceptual disappearances [6][7][8] . While 20 it has been suggested that MIB may happen in the real world 1 , no research has yet explored MIB using parameters that 21 approximate those experienced in real world movement. To date only two predominantly anecdotal studies have explored 22 whether MIB may occur in the real world. Shimojo 9 used a mirror ball to create a moving mask of bright spots across a room, 23 and was able to cause the perceptual disappearance of a live person in their interactive museum display. Another demonstration 24 of MIB in real life was reported by Inoue, Yagi and Kikuchi 10 , where they induced MIB by superimposing a target over the 25 optic flow of a movie, filmed from the driver's point of view while travelling in a car. Perceptual disappearance was induced 26 much more often while travelling i...

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