Building students' spatial ability to assist them in understanding molecular geometry requires proper multimedia. This study investigated the effectiveness of 3D molecular interactive multimedia (3D-MIM) in improving chemistry students' spatial ability. Thirty chemistry education students of a public university in East Java, Indonesia, participated in this study. This pre-experimental pretest-posttest design employed a set of spatial ability tests referring to the three main dimensions of spatial abilities (spatial relationship, spatial orientation, spatial visualization) and semi-structured interview. Our finding showed that students' spatial abilities for the three domains after experiencing the 3D-MIM fall in the strong and large effects category. The values of N-gain falling in the moderate category and effect size (d) in the high category confirm the effectiveness of the 3D-MIM.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of triangulation-based metacognitive learning strategy on students’ chemistry literacy and learning achievement. This study was conducted by using a pretest-posttest control group design. The participants of this research were two classes of 10th grade natural science students of Senior High School in Pasuruan, Indonesia. One class was taught using triangulation-based metacognitive learning strategies consisting of four steps (Preparing, Doing, Checking, and Assessing & Following-Up) abbreviated to MLS-PDCA, and another was taught using expository learning strategy (ELS). Data was collected by pretest and posttest. Based on the data analysis, it was known that the N-gain averages of students’ chemistry literacy were 54% in MLS-PDCA class as the middle category and 38% in the ELS class as middle category. N-gain averages of learning achievement were 56% in experiment class as middle category and 40% in ELS as middle category. Mann Whitney U and independent sample t-test showed that the improvement of students’ chemistry literacy and learning achievement in MLS-PDCA class was more significant than in the ELS class. It can be concluded that MLS-PDCA can enhance the students’ chemistry literacy and learning achievement in senior high school.