Soil vapor extraction (SVE) has become a common, effective method to remediate soils contaminated by volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The technology induces a soil gas flow through the vadose zone, which extracts VOCs into the soil gas being extracted. The Dual-Phase Vacuum Extraction (DVE) system uses a high vacuum source to extract both soil gas and ground water from the same extraction well. The creation of a two-phase flow in the extraction piping eliminates the need for a separate pumping system for ground-water recovery. The high vacuum can also induce a higher recovery of ground water than typical downhole pumping methods can provide. An Air Force Base (AFB) site, located in the United States, previously used an underground storage tank to contain waste solvents, primarily methylene chloride and perchloroethylene, from paint stripping and application operations prior to disposal. Leakage from the tank system resulted in subsurface soils and ground water with elevated levels of these chlorinated solvents. The soils at the site consist of silty clays and clayey silts with low permeabilities. The DVE system was pilot-tested to evaluate performances for site remediation. Two extraction wells were tested separately. The average soil gas extraction rate per well was 1.05 m3 per minute with radius of influence of 10.7 m. For ground water, the average recovery rate per well was 3 L/min with a radius of influence of 23.2 m. These radii influences were significantly higher than those estimated for traditional soil vapor extraction or ground-water removal technologies. Removal rates ranged from 11.4 kg/day for an area with high levels of VOCs to 2.3 kg/day for an area with lower levels of VOCs.

Rosuvastatin is known to reduce low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol and improve endothelial function. In addition to lipid-lowering, statins may exert pleiotropic (nonlipid lowering) effects on microvascular function. We compared the neurophysiological and vascular responses of dietary control and treatment with 10 mg of rosuvastatin in 16 subjects with neuropathy and established type 2 diabetes. Skin blood flow (SkBF) measurements were measured at baseline, after 18 weeks of diet, and after 18 weeks of diet and treatment with rosuvastatin in response to local warming and ischemia reperfusion. The study results show that total cholesterol (196.50 ± 8.02 to 134.88 ± 10.86 mg/dL) and LDL-cholesterol (114 ± 10.4 to 63.4 ± 8.48 mg/dL) decreased significantly after 18 weeks of rosuvastatin, but not after 18 weeks of diet. Neuropathy scores decreased from 8.34 ± 1.26 at baseline to 6.00 ± 0.90 after rosuvastatin treatment. Basal SkBF was significantly different from baseline, 6.81 ± 0.42 to 9.92 ± 0.78 after rosuvastatin treatment (P ≤ 0.001). These results indicate that rosuvastatin therapy positively changed basal SkBF and measures of neurovascular function. Although there was a profound lipid lowering, it is not clear that this mediated the increases in SkBF and decreases in neuropathy scores.

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