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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Literature and other available research states lots of comparison between endoscopic and conventional septoplasty. The study helps conclude the merits and demerits of both techniques and compares the superiority of one method over the other on various aspects from surgeon’s and patient’s point of view. The objective of the study was to compare outcomes of conventional and endoscopic septoplasty.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Study included 48 patients having symptomatic deviated nasal septum willing for surgery randomly divided into two groups of 24 each who underwent endoscopic septoplasty and conventional septoplasty. All the patients selected for study, were assessed for subjective and objective evaluation pre-operatively and post-operatively on 7^th day, 1 month and 3 months. The study was conducted at Surat Municipal Institute of Medical Education and Research (SMIMER), Surat.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>There are technical advantages of using endoscope during septoplasty as it is definitely superior from surgeon’s point of view but there is no significant difference in terms of functional outcome, complications and post-operative hospital stay.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>There are technical advantages of using endoscope being superior in terms of illumination, preciseness and surgery, visualization of deeper parts of nasal cavity and resection of posterior deviation and spur especially in isolated septal spur and in achieving hemostasis. The study helps us conclude that endoscopic septoplasty has merits over conventional septoplasty on various aspects.</p>

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is one of the most important pre-operative procedures used in the primary diagnosis of thyroid swelling. Even if non-surgical and non-invasive techniques can provide a diagnosis, the ultimate answer rests in the histopathological examination of the surgically excised thyroid tissue. A correlation of both FNAC and HPE though can help predict outcomes and may be helpful to avoid unnecessary surgical procedures for benign conditions. The purpose of this study was to establish a cyto-histological correlation and to evaluate accuracy of FNAC in diagnosing thyroid lesions.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study was carried out over a period of three years between September 2017 to September 2020 prospective study in which 38 cases were taken who eventually underwent thyroid surgery. A cyto-histological correlation was made between the pre-operative FNAC and the post-operative HPE report. These reports were correlated and conclusions drawn after statistical analysis.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Cyto-histological correlation was done and overall accuracy was 94.7%. Majority of cases were non-neoplastic, peak age of incidence was in third and fourth decade and there was female predominance.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> It was observed that FNAC is a very reliable test having high sensitivity, specificity and accuracy in diagnosing thyroid swellings which is also a simple, safe and cost effective modality in investigation.</p><p class="abstract"> </p><p class="Default"> </p>

The complaint of a nose block is often a complex clinical problem by itself. There is no consensus about the value of objective measurements of nasal patency. However, the perception of nasal airflow ultimately is a subjective sensation and, therefore, difficult to quantify. In this study, we have objectively evaluated 75 patients coming to our institute with the complaint of nose block. The mean area of air blast of both the nasal cavities of each patient was calculated by cold spatula test using modified "Glatzel mirror (GM)," and the subjective sensation of nose block was compared on each visit. We observed that both medical and surgical interventions objectively did improve the area of air blast in both unilateral and bilateral nose block patients. This also correlated with the increase in subjective sensation of relief from nose block in the patients. Thus, we could conclude that in patients with nose block, both medical and surgical interventions improved the area of air blast (p < 0.001), which correlated with the subjective sensation of relief in nose block. Thus, in standard conditions, cold spatula test using modified GM can be used to objectively evaluate the nasal patency.

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Amongst pediatric patients, oesophageal foreign bodies (OFBs) are relatively common clinical problem. Majority pass harmlessly through gastrointestinal tract, some can cause complications or morbidities. Our study considered and reviewed our experience in managing OFBs in pediatric patients, with emphasis on the management and outcomes of complicated cases.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> 77 cases of OFBs (diagnosis established), upto 12 years of age admitted at our tertiary hospital between January 2015 to December 2020 (duration of 6 years) were reviewed and analysed. On the basis of our analysis accounting demographic data, presenting symptoms, workup investigation, management, complications and outcomes, results and conclusions were derived.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Amongst cases, 43 were male and 34 female. Mean age for our cases was 5.4 years. 56 cases (72.7%) cases presented in the hospital within first 24 hours. Commonest foreign body found in 64 cases (83.1%) was coin. Most cases had history of witnessed ingestion. Commonest presentation was asymptomatic (with history of witnessed ingestion), followed by complaint of vomiting and drooling of saliva. Most patients were discharged within 48 hours post-operatively except for 2 patients who presented intra-operatively with edematous inflamed mucosa with slight charring on oesophagoscopy where foreign body was button battery (cell). Follow-up period ranged from 2 to 8 months and all patients had complete recovery without any sequelae.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our experience of 6 years with 77 pediatric patients with OFBs having various presentations have been reviewed, analysed and concluded here. All the patients had complete recovery without any sequelae.</p>