INTRODUCTION Various primary studies and systematic reviews have been conducted to explain the association between smokeless tobacco and oral cancer. This study aims to consolidate and summarize the risk estimates from various systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis to provide the spectrum of estimates on the association between smokeless tobacco use and oral cancer. METHODS A comprehensive literature search was done on various databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, IndMED, and TOXLINE) by two of the authors independently. Both qualitative and quantitative data extraction and analysis were performed for the included systematic reviews. Range of risk estimates was obtained and analyzed as quantitative findings due to the limitation of an overview of reviews for the pooled estimates. CASP (Critical Appraisals Skills Programme) and AMSTAR 2 (A Measurement Tool to Assess Systematic Reviews) tools were used for the quality assessment of the studies included. RESULTS In total, 12 systematic reviews with or without meta-analysis were included in the review. There was a positive and strong association of Smokeless Tobacco (SLT) use with oral cancer irrespective of gender, region, and type of smokeless tobacco. The risk estimate for the SouthEast Asia Region (SEAR) ranged 4.44-7.90, for Gutkha it was 8.67, while for Paan it ranged 6.3-7.90 and for overall SLT it ranged 1.36-7.90. Risk estimate for females ranged 5.83-14.56. CONCLUSIONS The study confirmed the association between SLT use and oral cancer. These findings are of high importance, especially to the SouthEast Asia Region.

Background: Breast and cervical cancers are two major cancers affecting women's health. Breast cancer is the most invasive cancer, and cervical cancer is the fourth most leading cause of death among women. Analysis of updated incidence data and their trends would help policymakers in planning and organizing programs to reduce the burden. This study aims to present regional variations in recent years and study trends of both the cancers in India. Materials and Methods: For recent incidence rates of cervical and breast cancers, data were obtained from the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) reports (2009-2011) for 25 registries and of 2012-2014 for 27 registries. Trends were studied for data obtained from different NCRP reports for the years 1982-2014 in six major registries. One in number of person who developed cancer and the annual Percentage change in incidence were calculated along with the trend analysis for both the cancers. The Joinpoint Regression Model was used for trend analysis. Results: The age-adjusted rate (AAR) of incidence of breast cancer in the South region was 36.

Background: Cancer of unknown primary (CUP) origin is cancer in which malignant cancer cells are in the body but the site of cancer where it began is unknown. Detailed incidence and time trends of these cancers, specific to various regions in India is needed. This paper aims to summarize and report the incidence of other and unknown (O&U) cancers across India in 27 population-based cancer registries (PBCRs) and to study the trends among these cancers using joinpoint regression analysis. Methods: Data on the incidence of CUP were obtained from the published reports on 27 PBCRs of the National Cancer Registry Programme (NCRP) of the Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR). A joinpoint regression model was used to analyze the long-term trends of incidence related to CUP based on published data from PBCRs between 1986 and 2014. Annual Percent Change (APC) in incidence rate was estimated for various registries. Results: The northeast region had the highest age-adjusted rate (AAR) for both men (1.76–29.7) and women (1.99–14.68). Age-specific rate (ASR) for both men (39.8–855.7) and women (48.2–470.4) was highest in the northeast region. There is an increase in the incidence rate for all six major registries over the past decade with an exception of women in the Delhi Cancer Registry. There is a decline in incidence rate by 0.14 during 1990–2012 in the female population of the Delhi registry. Conclusion: The increasing incidence trends of CUP is a matter of concern for the healthcare professionals and researchers. There is a need for research and advanced and improved diagnostic tools for the improvement of the status of O&U cancers.