Voltage control, grid reconfiguration and adaptive protection are considered in this paper since they are representative of the various control applications in the context of smart grids which can make significant use of the information and communication technology. All the three control applications have multiple objectives of which some are conflicting and these call for the use of multi-objective optimization in implementing the controls. The presence of non convex objectives and constraints calls for the use of evolutionary algorithms in solving the control problems. This paper enlists the generally dealt objectives and constraints for the three control applications. The presence of distributed generators in smart grids brings in factors that need additional consideration in solving the multi-objective optimization. The paper proposes that genetic algorithm is likely to be a good optimization technique in achieving the control objectives, the reasons for which are qualitatively described in this paper along with the challenges in using genetic algorithm.

Increasing penetration of distributed generation (DG) is one of the characteristics of smart grids. The conventional distribution grid was not designed for the integration of DGs. Hence the integration of DGs into the distribution grid presents a few challenges to the operation of distribution network. This paper addresses some of these challenges and uses the concept of reconfiguration as a solution to meet these challenges. By reconfiguration, the maximum voltage at each node of the test network was kept within limits, thus mitigating the over voltage problem due to increased DG penetration. Since the reduction in number of switchings due to reconfiguration will help reduce the operation cost, this paper incorporates the objective of minimizing switching as well. The number of switchings could be reduced from six to two for the test network under consideration. Also it has been shown in this paper that reconfiguration can help in deferring the investment required in a transformer like adding on load tap changer.

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This paper studies the impact of electric vehicles (EVs) in real distribution networks. In particular, the impact of the penetration of EVs and its flexibility on the distribution network is studied. In addition, the benefits of EV flexibility in solving the rising challenge of increasing DER penetration are analysed. If managed properly, EVs will have a positive impact in supporting the network and in increasing its sustainability, especially in the presence of large penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) such as photovoltaics (PVs).

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