Although the results of different studies are controversial, most studies have been in favor of the probiotics in the prevention or treatment of BV, and no adverse effects have been reported. Therefore, it may be helpful to recommend daily consumption of probiotic products to improve public health among women.

Owing to a lower rate of abnormal incision and postpartum fever/infection with the pull method, this technique is preferable to the push method.

Introduction and hypothesis Dyspareunia, the symptom of painful sexual intercourse, is a common sexual dysfunction in reproductive-aged women. Because of its multifactorial etiology, a multidisciplinary approach may be required to treat it. Musculoskeletal factors play an important role; thus, rehabilitating the pelvic floor and modifying the tone of the pelvic floor muscles (PFMs) may be an effective way to treat this dysfunction. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study was to evaluate the effects of pelvic floor rehabilitation techniques on dyspareunia. Methods Of 84 women, assessed for eligibility, 64 women with dyspareunia were randomized into two groups: the experimental group (n = 32) received electrotherapy, manual therapy, and PFM exercises and the control group (n = 32) had no treatment while on the waiting list. Evaluations of PFM strength and endurance, sexual function, and pain were made directly before and after 3 months of treatment and at the 3-month follow-up. Results Between-group changes showed significant improvement in the experimental group in comparison with control group. Mean difference in the PFM strength (according to the 0-5 Oxford scale) between groups was 2.01 and the mean difference of endurance was 6.26 s. Also, the mean difference in the Female Sexual Function Index score (the score ranges from 2 to 95) was 51.05, and the mean difference in the VAS score was 7.32. All of the changes were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Conclusions According to the results, pelvic floor rehabilitation is an important part of a multidisciplinary treatment approach to dyspareunia.

Experimental and clinical evidences support the hypothesis that the modulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics could be effective in prevention and management of diabetes.

Objective:Available evidence about the role of supplementary vitamin E in normal pregnancy is inadequate. This study assessed the potential benefit of vitamin E supplementation on some pregnancy health indices.Methods:A 1:2 weighted simple randomization technique was used to allocate 104 eligible pregnant women to receive vitamin E and 168 women (control) not to receive the drug. Treated women received capsules containing 400 IU vitamin E from week 14 of gestation to the end of the pregnancy.Results:Background variables including maternal age were found to be similarly distributed between the study groups. The rate of maternal and perinatal outcomes including Apgar score and birth weight did not differ significantly between groups. Preeclampsia occurred in 1% of treated women vs 1.78% of control women.Conclusion:Giving supplemental vitamin E from the second trimester of pregnancy did not appear to affect the risk of pregnancy outcomes and occurrence of preeclampsia.