No abstract

This study was carried out on 100 photographs of Iranian young adult females, ages ranging from 16 to 40 years. Each photograph was scanned, the image was projected onto a computer monitor, and computerized sketches were obtained from them. With the help of a review committee, 10 of the best sketches were selected and analyzed. The linear and angular measurements were made to the nearest 0.5 mm with dial calipers and a standard protractor with 0.5 mm increments. A total of 15 measurements were analyzed in the study. Our measurements were compared with North American Caucasian female. The upper and lower lip projections were significantly more prominent in our study. Total facial angle was less prominent in our study in comparison with the North American Caucasian females. These findings led to the conclusion that Iranian females have faces which are more convex than North American Caucasian females. The frontonasal angle was more prominent in our study in comparison with the Farkas study of North American Caucasian females. Other linear and angular measurements did not show significant difference between our study and North American Caucasian females.

Repair and reconstruction of soft tissue defects involving over 50% of the forehead using remaining forehead tissue has not been reported in the literature. The few existing reports mainly concern cases in which less than half of the forehead was involved. The forehead comprises one third of the face and with regard to its prominent position, it is one of the major contributing components to facial beauty. Considering the excellent color, thickness, and quality matching of the adjacent forehead skin, it is considered the ideal substitute for repair of forehead defects. Use of skin graft or free flaps for reconstruction of defects involving 50% or more of the forehead have not reported acceptable results because of the lack of similarity of the donor tissue with the remaining forehead tissue. In this study, we describe successful reconstruction of major forehead soft tissue defects of two thirds to three fourths of the forehead with use of a tissue expander and transverse supratrochlear pedicle flap in four patients who were diagnosed with giant hairy nevus. There were no serious complications such as hematoma, bleeding, infection, or flap necrosis. We recommend this technique for reconstruction of extensive forehead soft tissue defects.

Lasers are now common place in day to day life and have been used across the sciences since their description as far back as 1917. Initially met with some sceptism, their use in medicine and in particular the surgical specialty has only increased. Their use in the future is also likely to expand as we continue to improve their efficiency and technology surrounding them.This review aims to introduce lasers to the novice. The topic of lasers is vast and complex, but we aim to give enough information for the reader to understand how lasers are designed, how they were created, as well as a summary of their current use in medicine.