For many years the Hueter anterior approach has been performed exclusively in Paris. Robert and Jean Judet described it for the first time in 1950 in relation to total hip arthroplasty. They started using an orthopaedic surgery table in 1985. The approach was only taught within the capital's orthopaedic units and was relatively unknown before. In the last 10 years there has been widespread renewed interest in this approach which preserves the muscles. The technique is described in detail with its tricks and risks. It appeals to the surgeon in its minimally invasive form and provides particulary effective treatment for the patient.

In the context of a risk-based meat inspection modernization, the change towards a visual only inspection of all hog mandibular lymph nodes (MLN) has been made in some countries and is considered in Canada. In fact, the current mandatory incision and visual inspection of all MLNs put in force a century ago to detect signs of infection by <em>Mycobacterium bovis</em> may no longer be relevant and may even generate cross-contamination by bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans. To support a science-based decision, a qualitative risk-benefit assessment following the European Food Safety Authority framework was undertaken for each inspection approach (with or without systematic incision). Both risk-benefit assessments led to similar results in concluding that the benefit of any MLN inspection for the detection of <em>M. bovis</em> infection in hogs is no longer existent. For the risk associated with this incision, data is lacking to differentiate the risk between both inspections on the qualitative scale chosen. In conclusion, the scientific opinion is that the replacement of the current systematic incision and visual inspection of all hog MLNs by a systematic visual-only inspection of all MLNs will not affect the food safety risks and in fact may reduce some of them.

In the context of meat inspection modernization, the current mandatory incision and visual inspection of all hog mandibular lymph nodes (MLNs) to detect signs of infection by Mycobacterium bovis, a zoonotic infection is examined. Canadian data of MLN pathology and microbial contamination are scarce and the performance of the current regulatory inspection of MLNs in actually detecting lesions and contamination by Mycobacterium bovis has not been documented. A survey of MLN condition in market hogs according to various inspection schemes was undertaken to fill the data gap. One MLN of a representative sample of 149 483 hogs were submitted to standard pathological and bacteriological analyses. Actual abnormal MLNs actually were rare (below 8%). They are often under detected by the current inspection because of limited sensitivity (18%). Such abnormalities, even undetected, have very limited, if any, impact on human health since the pathological and microbiological analyses failed to provide evidence of Mycobacterium bovis infection. On the other hand, MLNs can be contaminated with several bacteria potentially pathogenic to humans, raising the risk of cross-contamination during the inspection with incision. Finally, the current incision and visual inspection of all hog MLNs and the proposed visual-only inspection perform similarly in identifying abnormal MLNs.