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Although haemocytes of the forest pest lepidopteran, Malacosoma disstria (L.) have been studied, the physico-chemical factors and signalling components affecting their non-self activities have not been examined. Both the ameboid and stellate forms of plasmatocytes and the granular cells from fifthinstar larvae adhere best to glass slides with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), with maximum granular cell binding within a pH range of 6.0-7.0 and plasmatocyte binding at pH 6.0. The divalent cations, calcium and magnesium, do not affect granular cell attachment. However, calcium in Galleria-anticoagulant and PBS and, to a lesser extent, magnesium in the anticoagulant, increase plasmatocyteglass contact. Based upon the use of selective type I protein kinase A inhibitor (Rp-8-Br-cAMPS) and activator (Sp-8-Br-cAMPS), active protein kinase A inhibits the adhesion of both haemocyte types. Similarly, protein kinase C inhibited by Go¨6976 enhances haemocyte adhesion whereas the enzyme activator, phorbol-myristate-acetate, impairs attachment.

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In the present study the allelopathic effect of oregano (Oregano vulgare) and peppermint (Menta piperita) essential oil on olive seed germination was investigated. Five different concentrations of each essential oil (0%, 0.1%, 0.3%, 0.5% and 1%) were used. The seed germination percentage were calculated to determine the essential oils effect. Results shows that different concentrations of oregano and peppermint essential oil had significant effect on seed germination. Essential oil of oregano had remarkable allelopathic effect in olive seed germination even in a low concentration. In contrast peppermint essential oil could reduce seed germination percentage at higher concentrations. At 1% essential oil concentration of both aromatic plants exhibits inhibitory effect.