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During independent surveys for freshwater ascomycetes in Brazil and Costa Rica, two new species, Torrentispora pilosa and Vertexicola ascoliberatus, and nine previously described species were recovered. Among the described species, Annulatascus biatriisporus, Anthostomella aquatica, Tamsiniella labiosa and Torrentispora crassiparietis are reported for the first time from the western hemisphere, Aniptodera chesapeakensis, Chaetosphaeria lignomollis and Jahnula seychellensis are new records for South America and Annulatascus velatisporus and Ophioceras venezuelensis are reported for the first time for Brazil. The description of the genus Torrentispora is emended to accommodate T. pilosa. The new species are described and illustrated and a brief description is provided for all new records.

During an investigation of ascomycetes carried out in one area of Caatinga and three enclaves of the Atlantic Forest in the semi-arid region of Brazil, we found ten interesting species of hysteriaceous ascomycetes. Psiloglonium clavisporum and Rhytidhysteron opuntiae are new records for South America and Anteaglonium abbreviatum, Hysterium angustatum and Hysterobrevium smilacis are new records for Brazil. All species are described, illustrated and discussed.

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