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Three methods suitable for on-site window and wall penetration loss measurements are presented and compared. The methods are (i) outdoor-to-indoor channel measurement, (ii) far-field penetration loss measurement, and (iii) near-field penetration loss measurement. It is shown that the different methods give similar penetration loss results. The measured window exhibits bandstop characteristics due to the internal reflections in the periodic structure of the triple-layer window. The brick wall has penetration loss that increases as a function of the frequency.

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