Steady-state bacterial photosynthesis is modelled as cyclic chemical reaction and is examined with respect to overall efficiency, power transfer efficiency, and entropy production. A nonlinear flux-force relationship is assumed. The simplest two-state kinetic model bears complete analogy with the performance of an ideal (zero ohmic resistance of the P-N junction) solar cell. In both cases power transfer to external load is much higher than the 50% allowed by the impedance matching theorem for the linear flux-force relationship. When maximum entropy production is required in the transition with a load, one obtains high optimal photochemical yield of 97% and power transfer efficiency of 91%. In more complex photosynthetic models, entropy production is maximized in all irreversible electron/proton (non-slip) transitions in an iterative procedure. The resulting steady-state is stable with respect to an extremely wide range of initial values for forward rate constants. Optimal proton current increases proportionally to light intensity and decreases with an increase in the proton-motive force (the backpressure effect). Optimal affinity transfer efficiency is very high and nearly perfectly constant for different light absorption rates and for different electrochemical proton gradients. Optimal overall efficiency (of solar into proton-motive power) ranges from 10% (bacteriorhodopsin) to 19% (chlorophyll-based bacterial photosynthesis). Optimal time constants in a photocycle span a wide range from nanoseconds to milliseconds, just as corresponding experimental constants do. We conclude that photosynthetic proton pumps operate close to the maximum entropy production mode, connecting biological to thermodynamic evolution in a coupled self-amplifying process.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2025 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.