In this study, self–assembled iron (III)–tannic nanoparticles (Fe–TA NPs) were synthesized at room temperature using a simple, low–cost, and reproducible method. The interaction between Fe3+ and TA, and the particle size of Fe–TA NPs with different mole ratios of ferric chloride and tannic acid were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The modified fabrics were fabricated by one–step depositing Fe–TA NPs onto the surface of natural indigo dyed polyester cotton blended fabrics using the exhaustion dyeing process. SEM, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, and TGA were used to investigate the surface morphology, chemical structure, and thermal stability of the modified fabrics. According to the results, indigo–dyed fabrics treated with Fe–TA NPs showed an excellent antibacterial activity against both gram–negative (E. coli) and gram–positive (S. aureus) bacteria, improving of thermal stability, light fastness acceptance, washing fastness, and color fastness to heat.

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