Two and four mini dental implants can be immediately used successfully for retaining lower complete dentures, as shown after a 1-year follow up.

Few investigations on guided bone regeneration (GBR) focus on the behaviour of tissues adjacent to barrier membranes. This study was conducted to (1) evaluate the barrier function potential of different resorbable and nonresorbable membranes for GBR, (2) investigate their structural changes after different intervals, and (3) characterize tissue composition and reaction adjacent to the barrier by qualitative histologic evaluation. Seven barriers for GBR were used per animal (made of dense or expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (d/ePTFE), titanium, polyetherurethane, collagen and two polylactide-polyglycolide-/-trimethylenecarbonate-co-polymers (PLPG, LPGTC) in standardized defects not exceeding the critical size) without using bone substitution material or autogenous bone at the right inferior margin of the mandibles of six domestic pigs. Samples of the defect areas with membranes were harvested after 2 days (one animal), 4 and 8 (two animals, each) and 12 weeks (one animal), respectively. The healing of bone defects was completed in all animals after 12 weeks. Nonresorbable barriers prevented the soft tissue in-growth into standardized defects. Thinner layers of fibrous tissue were seen underneath the dense and rigid barriers (dPTFE, titanium) when compared with collagen and PLPG/LPGTC, in which soft-tissue plugs occupied the crestal defect portion. PLPG-/LPGTC-barriers underwent structural changes after 4 weeks and revealed blistered central layers, whereas structural changes were not evident in nonresorbable barriers. The degradation of PLPG-/LPGTC-membranes was present with in-growth of fibres, vessels, and cells. Using collagen or synthetic polymer barriers for GBR, the application of bone or bone substitutes to prevent membrane prolapse into the defect is suggested.

To reveal dental implants survival rates in patients with oral mucosal diseases: oral lichen planus (OLP), Sjögren's syndrome (SjS), epidermolysis bullosa (EB) and systemic sclerosis (SSc). A systematic literature search using PubMed/Medline and Embase databases, utilising MeSH and search term combinations identified publications on clinical use implant-prosthetic rehabilitation in patients with OLP, SjS, EB, SSc reporting on study design, number, gender and age of patients, follow-up period exceeding 12 months, implant survival rate, published in English between 1980 and May 2015. After a mean observation period (mOP) of 53·9 months (standard deviation [SD] ±18·3), 191 implants in 57 patients with OLP showed a survival rate (SR) of 95·3% (SD ±21·2). For 17 patients with SjS (121 implants, mOP 48·6 ± 28·7 months), 28 patients with EB (165 implants, mOP 38·3 ± 16·9 months) and five patients with SSc (38 implants, mOP 38·3 ± 16·9 months), the respective SR was 91·7 ± 5·97% (SjS), 98·5 ± 2·7% (EB) and 97·4 ± 4·8% (SSc). Heterogeneity of data structure and quality of reporting outcomes did not allow for further comparative data analysis. For implant-prosthetic rehabilitation of patients suffering from OLP, SjS, EB and SSc, no evidence-based treatment guidelines are presently available. However, no strict contraindication for the placement of implants seems to be justified in patients with OLP, SjS, EB nor SSc. Implant survival rates are comparable to those of patients without oral mucosal diseases. Treatment guidelines as for dental implantation in patients with healthy oral mucosa should be followed.

BackgroundPlatelet‐rich fibrin (PRF) can be used in the alveolar socket preservation (ARP). However, the hard tissue‐regeneration property of PRF in alveolar socket preservation is still unclear.PurposeTo compare the new bone formation ratio between using PRF as a socket preservation material and normal wound healing, by means of histomorphometric analysis.Materials and MethodsThirty‐three healthy volunteers were recruited and randomized into PRF and control group. Minimally traumatic extractions were performed. Eighteen patients were treated with ARP using PRF, while the rest were left to heal naturally. Bone specimens were harvested using trephine bur 2 months after the extraction process. Histomorphometric analysis of new bone formation area compared with total socket area was performed using the software Fiji Is Just Image J (version 2, GNU General Public License).ResultsThirty‐three volunteers were participated. Twenty‐eight bone specimens were collected. The new bone formation ratio was higher in PRF group than in control group (31.33 ± 18% and 26.33 ± 19.63%, respectively). However, there was no statistically significant difference in the ratio between the PRF and control groups (P = .431).ConclusionsIt may be concluded that the use of PRF in ARP does not statistically significant enhance new bone formation after tooth extraction compared to normal wound healing (P > .05).

Aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus is a relatively rare disease in nonimmunocompromised patients. In recent years a number of cases of aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus have been reported in association with overextension of root canals fillings with certain root canal cements. It has been suggested that zinc oxide-based root canal cements might promote the infection with the Aspergillus species. In particular Aspergillus fumigatus has been found to be associated with the maxillary sinus infection. Radiographically the unique appearance of a dense opacity foreign body reaction in the maxillary sinus was considered a characteristic finding in maxillary sinus aspergillosis. Because this association of overfilling of root canal cements and aspergillosis of the maxillary sinus is not too well known we report two cases of young healthy female patients with the characteristic findings, both radiographically and clinically. In both patients the first maxillary molar was involved. Patients were symptomless and the diagnosis was made accidently. However at surgical inspection both patients revealed aspergillomas, including the overextended root canal cement. The surgical procedure is described as are the microscopic findings in both cases showing the characteristic branching hyphae and conidophores typical of Aspergillus. Overextension into the maxillary sinus with root canal cements has to be avoided; material has to be removed from the sinus because otherwise aspergillosis infection may ensue.