The diagnostic accuracy of RSWA obtained with both visual and automatic methods was high and there was a general agreement between methods. RAI may be used as the first line method to detect RSWA in the diagnosis of RBD in PD, together with the visual inspection of video-recorded behaviors, while the visual analysis of RSWA might be used in doubtful cases.
In a double-blind, crossover, randomized clinical pharmacological study performed on 10 healthy volunteers, peripheral and central effects of 10 mg cetirizine and 10 and 40 mg loratadine were compared. Cetirizine (10 mg) significantly (P less than 0.001) inhibited 10 or 100 mg/ml histamine-induced weals 2 and 6 h after drug intake. Cetirizine was more potent than 10 mg loratadine after 2 and 6 h, and was even more potent than 40 mg loratadine after 6 h. Neither drug affected subjective evaluation of central effects and cetirizine was completely devoid of electro-encephalographic (EEG) changes, whereas 10 and 40 mg loratadine induced only slight and limited EEG changes.
This large, controlled series of patients with PD with ICDs assessed by v-PSG confirms the association between ICDs and RBD. Increased surveillance of symptoms of ICDs should be recommended in patients with PD with RBD.
A double-blind, randomized controlled trial using an electroencephalograph computerized analysis and cartography was carried out to investigate the spectral modifications induced by diazepam and hydroxyzine. Without monitoring response to stimulation, the spectra found for diazepam and for hydroxyzine were qualitatively very similar, showing increase of the slow waves, reduction of the alpha rhythm and accentuation of the beta 1 rhythms. These traces suggested strongly that both drugs had produced a sedative, anti-anxiety effect. The intensity of the effect produced by 50 mg of hydroxyzine appeared to be less than that produced by 10 mg diazepam. After monitoring response to stimulation, the spectra were modified and the reactivity of the two drugs differed with regard to the slow delta, theta and alpha 1 frequency bands. It was possible to distinguish between the sedative and anti-anxiety effects of both diazepam and hydroxyzine. Even if the two drugs had some similar effects, the mode of action in the central nervous system was certainly different, as can be seen from the characteristics of distribution of the slow waves, their reactivity and, with regard to frequency, the fluctuation of the dominant frequency of rapid rhythms.
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