Infective endocarditis (IE) is an entity characterized by endocardial infection and frequent multiorgan complications, resulting in high mortality. It requires a rapid and accurate diagnosis, and a medical or surgical aggressive treatment. Currently, IE diagnosis rests on bacterial, clinical and ultrasonographic criteria. The objective of this article is to update the imaging study in patients with IE, with special emphasis on those non-echocardiographic examinations available in our environment. Last years, advanced imaging had achieved a growing role in IE diagnosis, especially cardiac multislice computed tomography (MSCT) and positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT), which have been recommended in recent clinical guidelines to be included as part of diagnostic criteria. Cardiac MSCT provides detailed anatomic information of cardiac valves and perivalve tissue, allowing identification of pseudoaneurysm, abscess and valve dehiscence. F18-FDG PET/CT increases sensitivity for IE detection and shows high accuracy in searching for extracranial systemic embolic events. Both MSCT and PET/CT have particular utility in cases of prosthetic valve endocarditis, where cardiac ultrasonography shows lower performance. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is the best imaging method for evaluating ischemic/embolic events of central nervous system.

Histoplasmosis is the most common of geographic mycoses; in Chile, infection caused by this dysmorphic fungus has been reported only sporadically among persons who have traveled to endemic areas. We report a healthy patient case who consulted 6 months after her trip, with chest pain as single symptom. Surgery and histological study of the pulmonary nodule showed that it was a pulmonary histoplasmosis case.

Aspecto imaginológico El "signo del surco profundo" se visualiza en Rx de tórax tomadas en posición supina, en niños y adultos (Figura 1). Se observa como una asimetría de los ángulos costofrénicoslaterales,originada en mayor profundidad y radiolucidez de uno de ellos; el senopuede incluso extenderse hasta el hipocondrio y adoptar una morfología triangular o crescéntica (1) (Figura 2). Reseña histórica Si bien ya había sido mencionado previamente, la primera publicación que describe el signo del surco profundo en el contexto de una serie de pacientes aparece en 1980 cuando Gordon, et al presentaron una serie de 60 pacientes con diagnóstico de neumotórax (adultos y niños), observándose este signo en siete de ellos. Los autores recomendaron corroborar la sospecha de neumotórax anterior con una proyección de pie en todos los pacientes en que se pesquisará este signo, que fue atribuido a la distribución subpulmonar del aire, más frecuente en los pacientes en posición supina (2). The deep sulcus sign Abstract. The "deep sulcus sign" is seen on anterioposterior (AP) chest radiographs obtained with the patient in the supine position, both in adults and children. It is an indication of a pneumothorax, since air collects within the nondependent portions of the pleural space abnormally deepening the costophrenic angle, which extends toward the hypochondrium. Among other findings, this useful sign should be actively searched for when a pneumothorax is suspected in a supine patient.

Abstract. The objective of this study was to quantify the radiation dose reduction without impairing image

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