ABSTRACT:In Tropical regions, the animal performance is often affected by climate conditions. This study aimed to evaluate covering materials in individual shelters, normally used to house dairy calves, and its influence on the calves physiology and performance. The design used was completely randomized, with a 2x3 factorial arrangement to compare the averages of 5% through the Tukey's test, i.e., both genders-and three types of covering in the shelters (Z -zinc; ACasbestos cement; and WPAC -white-painted asbestos cement). Parameters evaluated included daily weight gain (DWG), dry matter intake (DMI), feed conversion (FC), rectal temperature (RT), and respiratory frequency (RF). Results showed significant differences (P < 0.05) among males (1.04kg/day) and females (0.74kg/day) for DWG and interaction between gender and treatment (P < 0.05) for zinc covering (0.562kg/day for females and 1.120kg/day for males). Significant differences were also observed in FI of animals housed under shelters with the covering of zinc (48.35kgDM/day for females and 96.91 kgDM/day for males). There were no significant differences (P > 0.05) in the FC and the RT, and there were significant differences (P < 0.05) for RF in the Z treatments (56.9 mov.min -1 ), WPAC (62.2 mov.min -1 ) and FC (70.25 mov.min -1 ). It was concluded that different covering materials did not affect performance and dry matter intake of dairy calves. However, the animals' physiology of thermoregulation was altered by the different covering materials used in individual shelters. KEYWORDS: thermoregulation, weight gain, feed conversion. AVALIAÇÃO DE MATERIAIS DE COBERTURA EM ABRIGOS INDIVIDUAIS SOBRE RESPOSTAS FISIOLÓGICAS E DESEMPENHO DE BEZERROS LEITEIROSRESUMO: Nos trópicos, o desempenho animal é prejudicado pela ação do clima. Objetivou-se neste trabalho avaliar materiais de cobertura em abrigos individuais sobre a fisiologia e o desempenho de bezerros leiteiros. Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado, fatorial 2 X 3, para a comparação das médias ao nível de 5%, pelo teste de Tukey, ou seja, dois sexos e três tipos de coberturas (Z -zinco; CA -cimento-amianto e CAB -cimento-amianto pintado de branco). Foram medidos o ganho de peso diário (GPD), o consumo alimentar (CMS), a conversão alimentar (CA), a temperatura retal (TR) e a frequência respiratória (FR). Os resultados mostraram que houve diferença significativa (P < 0,05) entre machos (1,04 kg/dia) e fêmeas (0,74 kg/dia) para GPD, interação sexo e tratamento (P < 0,05) para a de cobertura de zinco (0,562 kg/dia para fêmeas e 1,120 kg/dia para machos), e o CMS apresentou diferença significativa para cobertura de zinco (48,35 kgMS/dia para fêmeas e 96,91 kgMS/dia para machos). Não houve diferença significativa (P > 0,05) para CA e TR e observou-se diferença significativa (P < 0,05) para FR nos tratamentos Z (56,9 mov.min -1 ), CAB (62,2 mov.min -1 ) e CA (70,25 mov.min -1 ). Conclui-se que os diferentes tipos de coberturas não influenciaram no desempenho e no consumo alimentar, mas interferiram ...
Among the building materials used in rural facilities, roofs are noteworthy for being largely responsible for thermal comfort, influencing the thermal balance within the shelter. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of roof on the Enthalpy (H), Thermal Load of Radiation (TLR), and Black Globe Temperature and Humidity Index (BGHI) in individual shelters for dairy calves. The design was completely randomized with three treatments: Z -zinc tile, AC -asbestoscement tile and ACW -asbestos-cement tile painted white on the upper side. The averages were compared by the Scott Knott test at 1% probability. The results showed no statistical difference between treatments (P<0.01) and the external environment for H. For TLR, there was statistical difference among all treatments, where ACW showed the lowest TLR, 489.28 W m -2 , followed by AC with 506.72 W m -2 and Z with the highest TLR, 523.55 W m -2 . For BGHI, the lowest values were observed for ACW (76.8) and AC (77.4), differing significantly from Z, which obtained the highest value (81.6). The tiles with white paint on the upper side promoted the lowest TLR and the lowest BGHI, favoring the thermal environment in the shelter.KEYWORDS: thermal indices, construction materials and type of roof. AMBIENTE TÉRMICO NO INTERIOR DE ABRIGOS INDIVIDUAIS PARA BEZERROS COM A UTILIZAÇÃO DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE COBERTURASRESUMO: Dentre os materiais de construção utilizados nas instalações rurais, merecem destaque as coberturas, pois são grandes responsáveis pelo conforto térmico, influenciando no balanço térmico no interior das instalações. Este trabalho objetivou avaliar a influência das coberturas sobre a entalpia (H), Carga Térmica Radiante (CTR) e no Índice de Temperatura de Globo Negro e Umidade (ITGU), em abrigos individuais para bezerros leiteiros. O delineamento foi o inteiramente casualizado com três tratamentos: Z -telha de zinco; CA -telha de cimento amianto, e CAB -telha de cimento amianto pintada de branco na face superior.
Resumo. Em investigações criminais, a entomologia forense torna-se uma importante ferramenta em uma das suas principais aplicações que são os cálculos de estimativa de intervalo pós-morte (IPM), onde os dípteros da família Calliphoridae constituem uma das principais famílias de interesse forense. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo verificar a ocorrência das espécies desta família durante o processo de decomposição de carcaças suínas exposta durante as quatro estações do ano em um fragmento de Mata Atlântica na cidade do Salvador, Bahia, Brasil. Durante o experimento, os insetos adultos foram capturados em armadilhas específicas, e os imaturos coletados sobre a carcaça e criados para identificação pós-emergência. Além disso, verificamos a correlação entre as espécies que visitam a carcaça com aquelas que se desenvolvem na mesma, relacionando-a as fases da decomposição. Foram coletados 29136 adultos e do total de imaturos coletados apenas 1278 emergiram no laboratório. Os adultos capturados pertenciam às seguintes espécies: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) e Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy). Os imaturos coletados e criados no laboratório, após a emergência, foram identificados como: C. macellaria, C. megacephala, C. albiceps, C. putoria, H. segmentaria e L. eximia. Constatou-se que há diferenças na abundância entre as espécies durante o experimento, sendo a espécie C. albiceps a mais prevalente. Esse trabalho contribuiu com informações essenciais para a implementação deste tipo de perícia na rotina do Laboratório de Entomologia Forense do DPT-BA.Temporal analysis of Calliphoridae (Diptera: Cyclorrhapha) in the process of decomposition in carcasses of swine (Sus scrofa Linnaeus) in Salvador, Bahia, BrazilAbstract. In criminal investigations, Forensic Entomology becomes an important tool for main applications, which are estimates of postmortem interval (IPM), where Diptera of the Calliphoridae family constitute one of the main families of forensic interest. The present work had as objective to verify the occurrence of the species of this family during the decomposition process of swine carcasses exposed during the four seasons of the year in a fragment of Atlantic Forest in the city of Salvador, Bahia, Brazil. During the experiment, adult insects were captured in specific traps, and immature stages collected on the carcass created until the adult emergency for identification. In addition, we verified the correlation between the species that visit the carcass with those that develop in the same, related to the phases of the decomposition. A total of 29136 adults were collected and of the total number of immatures collected, only 1278 emerged in the laboratory. The captured adults belonged to the following species: Cochliomyia macellaria (Fabricius), Chrysomya megacephala (Fabricius), Chrysomya albiceps (Wiedemann), Chrysomya putoria (Wiedemann), Lucilia eximia (Wiedemann), Mesembrinella bellardiana (Aldrich), Hemilucilia segmentaria (Fabricius) and Chloroprocta idiodea (Robineau-Desvoidy) (Robineau-Desvoidy). The immatures collected and created in the laboratory after the emergency were identified as: C. macellaria, C. megacephala, C. albiceps, C. putoria, H. segmentaria and L. eximia. It was verified that there are differences in the abundance between the species during the experiment, being the species C. albiceps the most prevalent. This work contributed with essential information for the implementation of this type of expertise in the routine of the Forensic Entomology Laboratory, DPT-BA.
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