We investigate how unique features of charities affect the manner in which they compensate their executives. We find that changes in compensation are significantly positively associated with changes in spending on programs that advance organization objectives, whether changes in program spending are attributable to changes in revenue raised or to changes in the relative costs of administering the charity. The results suggest that accounting performance measures can play a role in nonprofit organizations whose objectives are typically subjective and nonfinancial, and thus, whose progress toward objectives is difficult to quantify.

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General education and special education teacher candidates lack experience in collaborating with each other as colleagues; however, upon graduating and entering their own classrooms, most are expected to know how to provide services to students with disabilities in the general classroom. This study describes the efforts of two professors, one in special education and the other in English education, to have their students participate in a collaborative and consultative relationship with each other at the pre-service level. Data are comprised of pre-and post-surveys, as well as weekly written reflections by the teacher candidates. Significant differences were found across programs and within the English education program. Reflections reveal differing participant perceptions of the co-teaching experience. Findings indicate exposure to co-teaching at the pre-service level provides an opportunity to address the roles and responsibilities of general and special educators in working together to ensure academic success for all learners.

The zygospore of Chlamydomonas is a diploid resting stage that provides protection from environmental extremes. The remarkable abiotic stress resistance of the zygospore can be explained, in part, by the presence of a massive wall that includes a sporopollenin-containing surface layer (Van Winkle-Swift and Rickoll 1997). A Chlamydomonas monoica Strehlow zygospore-specific mutant strain (D19) was obtained previously by screening for loss of chloroform resistance in zygospore populations derived from self-mating of post-mutagenesis clones. Exposure of D19 zygospores to solar UV radiation or germicidal radiation also resulted in a pronounced decrease in survival of D19 zygospores relative to wildtype zygospore survival. Similarly, resistance to NaCl-induced osmotic shock was reduced in D19 zygospores, especially when exposed to very high (e.g., 20% w/v) salt concentrations. Mature zygospores of C. monoica exhibit a UV-induced blue surface autofluorescence that may indicate the presence of phenolic wall components. The intensity of zygospore autofluorescence was significantly reduced in D19 zygospores. As revealed by TEM, the surface layer of mature homozygous D19 zygospores was disrupted, suggesting a defect in wall assembly. Zygospore-specific chloroform sensitivity, UV sensitivity, and reduced autofluorescence cosegregated in tetrads derived from D19 heterozygotes (i.e., if a progeny clone from a cross involving D19 and a normal strain was found to be chloroform sensitive, it was always also UV sensitive and showed reduced autofluorescence), indicating that all three characteristics were the consequence of the same Mendelian mutation.