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Volcanic and geothermal landforms have unique features which make them attractive destinations for geotourism, ecotourism and adventure tourism. Vast numbers of volcanic environments worldwide combined with a special geodiversity offer an extensive range of outdoor activities including the opportunity for education about geoheritage as well as an insight into their significant value for regional culture, religion and history. The importance of volcanic and geothermal environments for the tourism sector has been recognised with the development of volcano-based National Parks and more recently, National and Global Geoparks where geomorphosites containing volcanoes which are currently active and volcanoes classed as active due to their past activity during the Holocene as well as geothermal landscapes are promoted as tourist attractions. Given the growing popularity of volcanic and geothermal destinations, it is paramount that management authorities make visits to active environments as safe as possible. To date, there is a paucity of publications in the academic literature on risk management in volcano and geothermal tourism. This article aims to contribute to closing this gap in the tourism literature.

This chapter uses examples from a variety of European waterways and their immediate surroundings to present an overview of activities that are both water- and land-based and which collectively constitute Europe's river tourism sector. Potential threats to river and canal tourism are also discussed. The chapter concludes by considering how the long-term economic and ecological sustainability of European river and canal tourism can be maintained.

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