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Moss richness patterns, microhabitat and habitat association in Natural Protected

Hybridization is defined as the interbreeding of individuals from two populations distinguishable by one or more heritable characteristics. Snake hybridization represents an interesting opportunity to analyze variability and how genetics affect the venom components between parents and hybrids. Snake venoms exhibit a high degree of variability related to biological and biogeographical factors. The aim of this work is to analyze the protein patterns and enzymatic activity of some of the main hemotoxic enzymes in snake venoms, such as serine proteases (trypsin-like, chymotrypsin-like, and elastase-like), metalloproteases, hyaluronidases, and phospholipase A2. The lethal dose of 50 (LD50) of venom from the Crotalus aquilus (Cabf) and Crotalus polystictus (Cpbm) parents and their hybrids in captivity was determined, and phenetic analysis is also conducted, which showed a high similarity between the hybrids and C. polystictus. The protein banding patterns and enzymatic activity analyze by zymography resulted in a combination of proteins from the parental venoms in the hybrids, with variability among them. In some cases, the enzymatic activity is higher in the hybrids with a lower LD50 than in the parents, indicating higher toxicity. These data show the variability among snake venoms and suggest that hybridization is an important factor in changes in protein concentration, peptide variability, and enzymatic activity that affect toxicity and lethality.

Resumen: Se registran 23 especies de musgos nuevos para la fl ora de los estados de Querétaro y San Luis Potosí, de distribución tanto restringida como amplia. Destacan Cyclodictyon richardsii y Pylaisiadelpha sharpii por ser plantas inconspicuas y endémi-cas al país, además de Donnellia commutata, conocida para México, pero sin material mexicano en los herbarios nacionales. Se discuten las características taxonómicas distintivas de las especies, su hábitat y distribución. Palabras clave: biodiversidad, epífi tas, Querétaro, San Luis Potosí, Sierra Gorda.Abstract: Twenty-three new records for moss species are reported from the states of Querétaro and San Luis Potosí, some with wide geographic ranges but others with restricted ranges. Among the restricted species, Cyclodictyon richardsii and Pylaisiadelpha sharpii are inconspicuous and endemic to Mexico. Donnellia commutata is known from Mexico but vouchers are lacking in national collections. Taxonomic characteristics, distribution and habitat of the new records are discussed.