Organic fertilizers derived from Sugar Press Mud (SPM) yields better production of crops. Sugar press mud or the sugarcane filter-cake is the residue of sugarcane industry which results from the processing of sugarcane where sugar mud is separated from the crush. The total supply of sugar press mud varies from (1-7) kg from the processing of 100 kg of sugarcane. Sugar filter cake is used as a suitable fertilising agent since it is rich in micro and macro nutrients along with organic carbon. It is eco-friendly and protects the plants from various soil borne diseases. Press mud compost does not include any substances which are unfavourable for microbial action. In certain cases, press mud is mixed with other organic fertilizers to yield enriched compost. Whatever the case, the resultant press mud should not be added to the soil directly as it affects the welfare of human health due to the fast growth rate of pathogenic fungi. These are the disease causing microbes whose growth rate must be inhibited. The review deals with the physical, chemical and microbial functions on the press mud resulting in excellent bio-fertilizers. Enriched press mud is mixed with gibberellic acid to inhibit the growth of toxic chromium which affects the metabolism of plants. The fields which are ineffective by the over use of chemical pesticides can be brought into control by constant use of bio-fertilizers such as press mud. Usage of chemical pesticides may destroy the insects causing damage to the fields, but its impact over the health of living beings is tremendous. Press mud, on the other hand, is safe and very effective in producing income and killing certain insects affecting the crops as well.
Se estudió la respuesta a la inoculación de micorrizas MVA en papa, utilizando plantas provenientes de tubérculos y de esquejes de tallo enraizados, en ensayos de invernadero y campo respectivamente. De tres especies de hongos micorrizógenos inoculados, sólo Glomus fasciculatum "E3" se asoció con el cultivo infectando las raíces en un 33% y dando lugar a incrementos significativos en el peso seco de tubérculos y peso seco total, bajo condiciones de invernadero. Plántulas de esquejes de lasvariedades Mariva y Tomasa Condemayta fueron inoculadas con G. fasciculatum "E3" y transplantadas a camas de almácigos con suelo esterilizado, y al campo. El suelo para ambos contenía 15 ppm de fósforo disponible, pH 7.8 y textura franco-arenosa. Los resultados en almácigos mostraron una respuesta favorable a la inoculación desde el inicio de la estación de crecimiento, siendo los beneficios mayores para la variedad Tomasa Condemayta. Las plantas inoculadas de ambas variedades registraron incrementos altamente significativos respecto a las no inoculadas, en peso seco total, rendimiento de tubérculos y absorción de nutrientes a los 68 días del transplante. Los beneficios en el crecimiento de estas plantas estuvieron en relación directa con los niveles de infeccióndeterminados en raíces. En los esquejes inoculados llevados al campo, no se observaron efectos positivos en el crecimiento ni en la absorción de nutrientes.
Obtención de un ADN complementario que codifica una fructano 1-exohidrolasa en yacón, Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. &Endl.) H. Robinson Obtaining a complementary DNA encoding a fructan 1-exohydrolase in yacón, Smallanthus sonchifolius (Poepp. & Endl.) H. Robinson
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