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ABSTRACT. The objective of this work was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of young and mature leaves from Sapindus saponaria on diaspore germination and seedling growth of barnyardgrass (Echinochloa crus-galli) and morningglory (Ipomoea grandifolia). The aqueous extract was prepared in a proportion of 100 g of dried, ground leaves dissolved in 1000 mL of distilled water, resulting in a 10% extract concentrate. Dilutions of this concentrate were made with distilled water to 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5%. In seedling growth tests, we compared the effect of these extracts with the herbicide nicosulfuron. Both extracts of mature and young leaves caused delays and reductions in diaspore germination and seedling length of barnyardgrass and morningglory, with the most intense effects observed at a concentration of 10%. The effects of the young leaf extract were more similar to those observed with the herbicide, demonstrating that leaf maturation stage of S. saponaria affects its inhibitory effects on the growth of other plants and that this species is effective in controlling weeds.Keywords: allelopathy, Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, soapberry. Potencial alelopático de folhas de Sapindus saponaria L. no controle de plantas daninhasRESUMO. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de folhas jovens e maduras de Sapindus saponaria (sabão-de-soldado) na germinação de diásporos e no crescimento de plântulas de capim-arroz (Echinochloa crus-galli) e corda-de-viola (Ipomoea grandifolia). O extrato aquoso foi preparado na proporção de 100 g de folhas secas e trituradas dissolvidas em 1000 mL de água destilada, produzindo-se o extrato considerado concentrado (10%). A partir deste, foram feitas diluições em água destilada para 7,5; 5,0 e 2,5%. No teste de crescimento de plântulas comparou-se o efeito desses extratos com o herbicida nicosulfuron. Os extratos de folhas maduras e jovens causaram atraso e redução na germinação dos diásporos e no comprimento das plântulas de capim-arroz e corda-de-viola, com efeitos mais intensos na concentração de 10%. No entanto, os resultados obtidos pelo extrato de folhas jovens foram mais similares ao efeito do herbicida, mostrando que o estágio de maturação da folha de S. saponaria interfere nos seus efeitos inibitórios e que esta espécie é eficiente no controle das plantas daninhas.

RESUMO -O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial alelopático do extrato aquoso de frutos de Sapindus saponaria (sabão-de-soldado) na germinação de diásporos e na morfologia de plântulas de Lactuca sativa (alface), Allium cepa (cebola), Echinochloa crus-galli (capim-arroz) e Ipomoea grandifolia (corda-de-viola). O extrato aquoso dos frutos foi preparado na proporção de 100 g de material vegetal fresco para 1.000 mL de água destilada, produzindo-se a concentração de 10%. A partir dele, foram feitas diluições em água destilada para 7,5, 5,0 e 2,5%. O extrato do fruto Sapindus saponaria evidenciou potencialidades alelopáticas tanto sobre as espécies de hortaliças quanto sobre as de plantas daninhas. O efeito inibitório sobre o processo de germinação dos diásporos e morfologia das plântulas de alface, cebola, capim-arroz e corda-de-viola foi dependente da concentração. Os resultados mostram o potencial do extrato proveniente dos frutos de Sapindus saponaria como um herbicida a ser utilizado em práticas de agricultura sustentável.Palavras-chave: alelopatia, Allium cepa, Echinochloa crus-galli, Ipomoea grandifolia, Lactuca sativa, sabão-desoldado.ABSTRACT -The aim of this study was to evaluate the allelopathic potential of the aqueous extract of Sapindus saponaria (soapberry) fruit on seed germination and seedling morphology of Lactuca sativa (lettuce), Allium cepa (onion), Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyard grass), and Ipomoea grandifolia (morningglory). The aqueous extract of the fruit was prepared using 100 g of fresh plant material dissolved in 1,000 mL of distilled water, resulting in 10% concentration. The dilutions were made with distilled water to 7.5, 5.0, and 2.5%. The Sapindus saponaria fruit extract showed allelopathic potential on the vegetable and weed species. The inhibitory effect on the seed germination process and seedling morphology of lettuce, onion, barnyard grass, and morningglory was concentration dependent. The results showed the potential use of the Sapindus saponaria fruit extract as herbicide in sustainable agricultural practices.

-(Allelopathic interference of Sapindus saponaria root and mature leaf aqueous extracts on diaspore germination and seedling growth of Lactuca sativa and Allium cepa). Sapindus saponaria (soapberry) is a species that presents a great diversity of chemical compounds, such as saponins; however, few studies have examined the allelopathic effect of this species. Therefore, this study provides an evaluation of the allelopathic potential of aqueous extracts of the roots and mature leaves of S. saponaria on the germination of diaspores and seedlings growth of lettuce (Lactuca sativa) and onion (Allium cepa). The aqueous extract was prepared in the proportion of 100 g of dry plant material in 1,000 mL of distilled water (a concentration of 10% w v -1 ), and diluted with distilled water to 7.5, 5.0 and 2.5% concentrations. The mature leaf extracts caused delay and decrease in the germination process of the lettuce and onion diaspores, with inhibitory effect concentration-dependent, while the root extracts showed no allelopathic effects on the germination process. Both extracts caused abnormalities and inhibited the growth of shoot and root seedlings.