Restorative justice is a holistic philosophy that has become increasingly popular in reformist criminal justice debates and criminological research. However, there is some debate as to whether its programs adequately address victims’ needs. To this end, this paper analyses the effectiveness of restorative justice practices on victims of crime. Drawing on my interviews conducted with victims of crime and legal experts in South Africa, the findings of this study offer support for the effectiveness of a restorative justice approach to addressing victim satisfaction. Restorative justice can enable the needs of victims to be more fully considered during the criminal justice process. This is very different from contemporary criminal justice, which has often effectively excluded victims from almost every aspect of its proceedings despite its continuous reform to protect and promote victims’ rights.

The pursuit of ending the COVID-19 pandemic has shed light on the surfacing and rollout of vaccines to be utilized by people around the world. However, vaccine nationalism hinders the world’s poorest countries to have access to vaccines. This article puts into perspective the impact of vaccine nationalism on global health. It also underlines its repercussions on the universal rights to health standards and identifies avenues to be followed for equitable access to the COVID-19 vaccine, necessary to the containment of the pandemic. The study makes use of secondary data to gain a better understanding of problems associated with vaccine nationalism. We searched PubMed, CINAHL, and EMBASE databases, websites maintained by the United Nations (like the World Health Organization [WHO]), national and international newspapers, and grey literature using a predetermined search strategy to identify all relevant qualitative, quantitative, and mixed-methods studies related specifically to the aim of this study. Its findings prove that vaccine nationalism has a negative impact on global health by posing a predicament or a delay in ending the pandemic, and furthermore, it violates human rights to health standards of the global population. Therefore, to encourage the international sharing of the COVID-19 vaccine, enforceable frameworks for vaccine development and distribution are needed and should be managed by an established international platform like the WHO.

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The aim of this research is to examine the developmental trajectory of students’ leadership. The developmental trajectory of student leadership is dependent upon several interacting theoretical foundations such as developmental, transformational and transactional approaches to leadership. All these approaches are specific and interactional which makes them feasible choices for the theoretical foundation about students’ leadership. Using a qualitative research approach and drawing on interviews conducted with students’ leaders of the University College Cork in Ireland, the results indicated that students’ leaders are very much influenced in their choices and actions by considerations for their future, and the development of skills and experiences that will provide personal and organisational benefit to those involved. Whilst leadership styles at this stage of their development seemed to be in a state of flux and had not been fully honed within students’ leaders, there were notable findings relating to the importance of them to be mentored by experienced leaders from their institution. Keywords: students, leadership, students' leadership, higher education

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