A highly integrated electric drivetrain module with 157 kW peak power is presented, which incorporates novel technologies in the field of electric machines, power electronics and transmissions: 1. High-speed electric machine with six phases and injection mould polymer-bonded magnets; 2. High-ratio dual-speed transmission with double planetary gear set (Ravigneaux gear set); 3. Gallium nitride (GaN) power electronics with winding reconfiguration feature.The combination of these components in one single housing makes the drive module flexible to integrate and to combine with conventional or alternative propulsion technologies, thus allowing various hybrid and electric drivetrain topologies. All technologies are selected in accordance with mass production potential and can therefore have a high impact on the automotive market in the future. Currently, the drive module is under development; the first models will be assembled in winter 2019. The integration into a demonstrator vehicle in 2020 will prove the potential of many new technologies and the suitability for the automotive market.
The negative impact of deteriorating air quality on public health etc. is receiving growing attention. As a result the contributing emission sources are increasingly regulated. Thus, the emissions of road transportbeing one of the largest contributors-are under constant pressure. As such, the evolving legislation on emissions of new cars is forcing to ultra low emitting vehicles. To assist in the development of those vehicles an on-board measuring system capable of determining ppm level emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), total hydrocarbons (THC) and nitrogen oxides (NO x ) is realized. This system combines the latest in laboratory grade analysers with a high speed condensing type sampling system in a stateof-the-art shock proof design. The regulated emission components can be detected to at least one ppm. The data-acquisition allows for the simultaneous retrieval of engine and vehicle parameters in order to calculate on-line mass based time resolved emissions that can be quickly linked to relevant parameters of the emission control system. The data treatment is automated under LabView. The on-board system is validated by over 130 comparative simultaneous measurements on a Constant Volume Sampling chassis dynamometer. The tests are executed on three modern light duty vehicles of which one ultra low emitting Euro 4 certified petrol one. The comparison revealed that differences in emissions are below 10% except for very low levels i.e. underneath 0.02 g/km where the reference system is thought to be more inaccurate then the on-board one. On-board emission measurements performed on a Euro 4 petrol vehicle showed differences of more then a decade when compared to the type approval cycle on chassis dynamometer. An in-depth analysis revealed that outside this cycle the engine can be differently calibrated resulting in deviations from the stoichiometric air to fuel ratio and subsequent raise in emissions. Also, very short emission events could be studied such as NO x raise during accelerations immediately following a motoring period. This could be attributed to a slightly lean air fuel mixture just at the start of fuel injection.
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