No abstract

Weathering rinds have been used for decades as relative age indicators to differentiate glacial deposits in long Quaternary sequences, but only recently has it been shown that rinds contain long and extensive palaeoenvironmental records that often extend far beyond mere repositories of chemical weathering on both Earth and Mars. When compared with associated palaeosols in deposits of the same age, rinds often carry a zonal weathering record that can be correlated with palaeosol horizon characteristics, with respect to both abiotic and biotic parameters. As demonstrated with examples from the French and Italian Alps, rinds in coarse clastic sediment contain weathering zones that correlate closely with horizon development in associated palaeosols of presumed Late Glacial age. In addition to weathering histories in both rinds and palaeosols, considerable evidence exists to indicate that the black mat impact (12.8 ka) reached the European Alps, a connection with the younger Dryas readvance supported by both mineral and chemical composition. Preliminary metagenomic microbial analysis using density gradient gel electrophoresis suggests that the eubacterial microbial population found in at least one Ah palaeosol horizon associated with a rind impact site is different from that in other Late Glacial and younger Dryas surface palaeosol horizons.

No abstract

The small but vital role of 14C dating in archaeometric research is clearly shown in the copper project reported herein. The 14C ages place a time perspective on the “Old Copper Culture Complex,” substantiating early Libby dates that had been questioned. The respective roles of INAA, PGE and Pb isotope work are briefly summarized. A long tradition of heat treatment from Paleoindian stone to Archaic copper is suggested.

Thermoluminescence dating of eight heated flint artefacts from the Late Mousterian (Moustérien tardif) layer С at Jerf al- Ajla, cave in the Syrian steppe desert near Palmyra gave an average age of 33.3 ±2.3 ka. The assemblage shows strong similarities to the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic stratigraphically intermediate layers from the nearby site of Umm el Tlel, which are dated by the same method on the same kind of material to a statistically identical age. This dating result extends the age range of the Middle Palaeolithic in the Levant and indicates a considerable overlap in time with not only the Upper Palaeolithic, but with the transitional industries as well. The Levantine technocomplexes assigned, to the times before, during and after the Middle to Upper Palaeolithic shift/transition are briefly discussed here, with a focus on the chronometric data available. The presented new dating results emphasize the complexity in the development lithic and the difficulties a single model to times of change.