An 11-year-old, neutered male standard poodle was diagnosed with superficial necrolytic dermatitis and a glucagon-secreting pancreatic islet neoplasm based on clinical, biochemical, histopathological, immunohistochemical, and hormonal findings. Hyperglucagonemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoaminoacidemia were observed on preoperative laboratory analysis. Abnormal laboratory values returned to normal, and complete resolution of skin lesions occurred after tumor excision. The dog has remained clinically normal for six months following surgery.

Ciclosporin is an immunosuppressive drug that has been used to treat allergies and other immune-mediated diseases in cats, dogs and humans. Information about the adverse effects of ciclosporin in cats has been limited to smaller studies and case reports. Adverse effects in dogs are mainly gastrointestinal in nature, but humans can also experience hypertension and altered renal function. The aim of this retrospective case series study was to document the occurrence and clinical appearance of adverse events in cats receiving ciclosporin to treat allergic skin disease. The medical records of 50 cats with allergic dermatitis treated with oral ciclosporin (1.9-7.3 mg/kg/day) were reviewed. Adverse events occurred in 66% (33 cats). Adverse events likely to be associated with ciclosporin included the following: vomiting or diarrhoea within 1-8 weeks of receiving ciclosporin (24%), weight loss (16%), anorexia and subsequent hepatic lipidosis (2%) and gingival hyperplasia (2%). Other adverse events less likely to be associated with ciclosporin therapy included the following: weight gain (14%), dental tartar and gingivitis (10%), otitis (4%), chronic diarrhoea (4%), inflammatory bowel disease with indolent gastrointestinal lymphoma (2%), urinary tract infection (2%), cataract (2%), elevated liver enzymes (2%), hyperthyroidism and renal failure (2%) and transient inappropriate urination (2%). Some cats experienced multiple adverse events. Case-control studies are needed to prove cause and effect of ciclosporin with regard to these adverse events.

The large number of ichnospecies in Permian vertebrate ichnology literature is often a result of a failure to recognize substrate or gait-controlled variations in trackway morphology. Additionally, regional studies were often performed in isolation from studies in other areas. Nomenclatural priority applies to the names first assigned to trackways from the Corncockle and Locharbriggs Sandstone Formations (Permian) of Dumfries and Galloway, Scotland. Only one ichnogenus, Chelichnus, and four ichnospecies are recognized here and all had been identified in the studies of Jardine in 1850 and 1853. Chelichnus represents tetrapod trackways with rounded manus and pes impressions, subequal in size with up to 5 short digits where preservation is complete. The normal trackway pattern shows a pes pace angulation of up to 90° with the manus and pes being impressed close together or possibly with a slight overlap of the manus by the pes. Chelichnus bucklandi shows a pes size of 10 to 25 mm, C. duncani shows a pes size of 25 to 75 mm, C. gigas shows a pes size of 75 to 125 mm, and C. titan displays a pes size exceeding 125 mm in length. This restriction to four ichnospecies is more in accord with the low faunal diversity to be expected from an eolian environment of Late Permian age than was the former taxonomic classification. The Permian ichnofaunas of the Coconino Sandstone of Arizona and the Cornberger Sandstein of Germany are also composed largely of these four ichnospecies.

A 13-year-old dog was referred for a severe dermatological problem of 12 months duration. Skin biopsy results were compatible with superficial necrolytic dermatitis. The only laboratory abnormalities were hyperglycaemia and hyperglucagonaemia. These findings suggested a pancreatic endocrine tumour in association with superficial necrolytic dermatitis. Abdominal ultrasound examination was unremarkable. The dog was euthanased due to the lack of clinical improvement following symptomatic therapy. Postmortem examination revealed a pancreatic endocrine tumour with liver metastases. Pancreatic endocrine tumour cells were immunoreactive for glucagon, insulin and islet amyloid polypeptide.

Hypothyroidism and a neuromuscular disorder developed in a 4‐year‐old Golden Retriever after it received potentiated sulphonamide and metronidazole for 18 and 14 weeks, respectively. Serum total T4 concentrations were non‐detectable before and 6 h after exogenous administration of 4IU bovine thyroidstimulating hormone. Thyroid gland biopsy revealed changes consistent with diffuse hyperplastic goitre. Serum T4 concentrations were normal 7 days after discontinuation of therapy. The long‐term trimethoprim‐sulphadiazine therapy was considered the most likely cause of this dog's hyperplastic goitre. The cause of the neuromuscular disorder was not determined. It is recommended that discontinuation of potentiated sulphonamide takes place at least 7 days prior to any assessment of thyroid function. Résumé— Une hypothyroïdie et des troubles neuromusculaires sont observés sur un Golden Retriever de 4 ans, après une thérapeutique à base de sulfonamides potentialisés et de métronidazole, respectivement de 18 et 14 semaines. Des concentrations sériques de T4 totale ne sont pas détectables avant et après 6 heures d'une stimulation à la TSH bovine (4 UI). Des biopsies de la thyroïde montrent un goitre hyperplasique diffus. Les concentrations sériques de T4 sont de nouveau normales 7 jours après l'arrêt du traitement. L'administration à long terme de triméthoprim‐sulphadiazine semble être la cause la plus vraisemblable du goitre hyperplasique. La cause des troubles neuromusculaires n'a pas été déterminée. Il est recommandé d'arrêter l'administration de sulfonamides potentialisés au moins 7 jours avant une exploration de la function thyroïdienne. [Torres, S.M.F. Hypothyroidism in a dog associated with triméthoprim‐sulphadiazine therapy (Hypothyroi'die en relation avec un traitement triméthoprim‐sulphadiazine chez un chien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 105–108.] Resumen  Un perro Golden Retriever de 4 años desarrolló hipotiroidismo y una afección neuromuscular después de recibir un tratamiento con sulfonamidas potenciadas y metronidazol 18 y 14 semanas, respectivamente. Las concentraciones séricas totales de T4 eran indetectables antes y a las 6 horas después de la administración exógena de 4 UI de TSH bovina. La biopsia de tiroides mostró alteraciones indicativas de gota hiperplásica difusa. Las concentraciones séricas de T4 fueron normales a los 7 dias de retirar la terapia. La terapia prolongada con trimetoprim‐sulfadiazina fue considerada la causa más probable de gota hiperplásica en este perro. No se determinó la causa del cuadro neuromuscular. Se recomienda retirar la terapia con sulfonamida potenciada al menos 7 días antes de la evaluación de la función tiroidea. [Torres, S.M.F. Hypothyroidism in a dog associated with trimethoprim‐sulphadiazine therapy (Hipotiroidismo en un perro asociado a la terapia con trimetoprim‐sulfadiazina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7: 105–108.] Zusammenfassung— Hypothyreose und eine neuromuskuläre Störung entwickelten sich bei einem 4 Jahre alten Golden Retriever, nachdem er potenz...