Esophageal alterations were found in numerous cases. However, marked lesions were especially induced by endocardial unipolar radiofrequency and cryoablation.

No abstract

It is recommended to plan realignment for medial open wedge high tibial osteotomy at a maximum of 2° valgus. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2016;98-B:628-33.

From October 1, 2007, to October 10, 2008, we performed 50 navigated high tibial osteotomies (medial opening wedge). The mean age of the patients was 46.58 years (range, 16-70). Twenty-three osteotomies were performed in women and 27 in men. Two patients received osteotomies on both sites. Average malalignment was 6.4 degrees varus (range, 3 degrees -10.8 degrees ). Sixteen osteotomies were performed on the right side and 34 on the left side. Detailed preoperative planning was performed using the digital MediCad (Hectec GmbH, Niederviehbach, Germany) program based on the malalignment test. Navigation data were compared using full weight-bearing and intraoperative radiographs. Navigation was shown to be an excellent device for intraoperative control of the amount of correction achieved and offers additional information regarding the lateral plain, ligaments, flexion and extension.

Epicardial cryoablation is not effective on thicker tissues like LAA and RAA due to the rewarming of the current blood flow. However, thin tissues like VCC and PV can be isolated. Further chronic studies are necessary to evaluate the potential for regeneration of adjacent structures.