Résumé -FCC : phénomènes de fluidisation et technologies -Le procédé de craquage catalytique (FCC) est utilisé dans la majorité des raffineries pour convertir les charges lourdes. Depuis plus de 50 ans, les développements du catalyseur et l'amélioration de la technologie de la zone réactionnelle ont permis une évolution continue de ce procédé, évolution qui n'est sans doute pas terminée, permettant notamment de traiter des charges de plus en plus lourdes. Dans cet article, les moyens nécessaires au développement de technologies adaptées au procédé de craquage catalytique sont discutés à travers les exemples de développement d'un séparateur rapide en tête de riser et d'un échangeur de chaleur permettant de refroidir le catalyseur pendant la régénération. Les aspects liés à l'écoulement de catalyseur fluidisé à travers la zone réactionnelle sont également abordés. NOTATIONS Main SymbolsA cross sectional area, m 2 C concentration, mol/m 3 D diameter, m F mass flow rate, kg/s H height, m k pressure drop constant K pressure drop constant M ratio of the particle mass flow rate over gas mass flow rate N number of CSTRs P pressure, Pa PB pressure balance, Pa R radius, m Q volumetric flow rate, m 3 /s U velocity, m/s V superficial velocity, m/s W mass flux, kg/s/m 2 X axial position, m ε holdup of a given phase τ time constant, s ρ density, kg/m 3 Subscripts b related to fluidized bed conditions br bubble velocity relative to suspension c related to cyclone d related to dipleg conditions dn related to dipleg conditions for negative pressure separators dp related to dipleg conditions for positive pressure separators G related to gas flowing to the separator gas exit g related to gas I related to inlet conditions i related to intersticial gas mf related to minimum fluidization conditions mb related to minimum bubbling fluidization conditions p related to particle s related to gas flowing to the separator dipleg sg related to gas for superficial velocity sl related to slip between gas and particles sk related to skeletal t related to tracer tc related to tapped conditions in defluidized conditions.
J e  r o à m e B a y l e P a t r i c k L e r o y T h i e r r y G a u t h i e r
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