We prospectively and randomly compared the outcomes of the Chrisman-Snook and modified-Broström procedures for chronic lateral ankle instability in 40 patients. Both operations provided good or excellent stability in more than 80% of the patients. However, the modified-Broström procedure resulted in higher Sefton scores than the Chrisman-Snook procedure. In addition, a statistically significant greater proportion of complications occurred in patients treated with the Chrisman-Snook procedure.

No abstract

Voting is a habit. People learn the habit of voting, or not, based on experience in their first few elections. Recent research has shown that elections that do not stimulate high turnout among young adults leave a 'footprint' of low turnout in the age structure of the electorate as many individuals who were new at those elections fail to vote at subsequent elections. Elections that stimulate high turnout leave a high turnout footprint. So a country's turnout history provides a baseline for current turnout that is largely set, except for young adults. This realization requires us to take a new approach to understanding the mainsprings of turnout changeand hence of turnout decline. In this paper, we theorize about the longitudinal effects on turnout of changes in the character of elections, and test this theory using data from every one of the 22 countries that have held elections continuously since 1945: 356 elections in all.

Subacromial impingement syndrome is one of the most frequently seen causes of shoulder pain. The symptoms are often vague and may be difficult to differentiate from other shoulder problems. The purpose of this paper is to provide the clinician with a more thorough understanding of this entity by reviewing the pertinent anatomy and underlying etiology. Suggestions are made to aid in establishing the diagnosis, and treatment recommendations are proposed.

This paper presents the results of applying the mortality multiplier approach to estate duty statistics in order to estimate the size distribution of personal wealth in the Republic of Ireland. It commences with an examination of the limitations of the estate duty statistics, a discussion of the problems involved in collecting the data, and a short consideration of the mortality multipliers used. Estimates are presented for the size distribution of personal wealth, and the distribution of wealth between age groups. Some comparisons are given with wealth in Northern Ireland, Great Britain and the U.S.A. Estimates of the components of personal capital were not found possible. Finally, preliminary estimates are made for the distribution of wealth among married and single persons, in order to provide the basis for an analysis of wealth possessed by wealth‐owning units (defined as single males, single females and married couples). By making extreme assumptions, upper and lower limits are placed on the actual pattern of the size distribution of wealth by wealth‐owning units.