Background: Neuropathic pain (NP) is a common complication during the late phase of spinal cord injury (SCI). The enzyme cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) shown to play a crucial role during the inflammatory early phase of SCI. We report here on the antihyperalgesic effects of three COX inhibitors: celecoxib, indomethacin and meloxicam used individually. Their efficacy and impact on mortality losses following administration of each treatment evaluated in the late phase of chronic NP post SCI.

Discovered in 2002, the Kikeh field is located 120 km northwest of the island of Labuan, offshore Sabah, East Malaysia. The water depth at Kikeh, Malaysia's first deep water development is 1,320m. The field development consists of a dry tree unit (Spar) and two subsea production hubs, all tied back to an FPSO. Two of the three productive intervals in the development were determined to require sand control, representing about two-thirds of the field's production. This paper documents the selection and design process for a multi-zone sand control completion with zonal isolation to meet the requirements of both the open hole oil producers and the cased and perforated injector wells on Kikeh. The primary objectives of the system being:Maximize productivity/injectivityProvide efficient sand retentionMinimize cost and timeDesign for well life to minimize workovers and interventionsHave a large bore to maximize the capability for future selective completions After extensive testing and evaluation was performed on the seven appraisal wells across the field, including well tests with sand control, expandable sand screens (ESS) were selected as the primary sand control method. The evaluation, coupled with extensive local ESS installation experience in both Southeast Asia and Malaysia, gave the confidence that the installation objectives would be met. This paper describes the evaluation of sand control methods and why ESS was determined to be the best choice for the Kikeh field development. It also describes the details of each ESS type (water injector, producer, and intelligent completion) and the testing required to qualify each system. Swelling Elastomer Packers were used to provide zonal isolation in both the injector and producer wells. The qualification and selection process for these packers is also discussed. Significant application learnings will be discussed and, lastly, well productivity and skin results will be reported. Introduction Murphy discovered the Kikeh field offshore Sabah in 2002. A seven well appraisal program was conducted, which included well tests (two) with sand control. It was identified at this stage that one of the many challenges that the Kikeh field posed, was to find a sand face completion that could control the relatively unconsolidated, and poorly sorted sands present in Kikeh's geology. The system would have to be truly flexible in its multi-zone capabilities, to safely and efficiently exploit the highly laminated sands in Kikeh, while isolating the shales, throughout the expected 20-year life span of the field. As part of the design case, the system would have to provide a suitable interface for a future selective completion allowing for reservoir management as required.

The Baram and Alab fields located in offshore Sarawak and Sabah, Malaysia, are composed of highly unconsolidated and friable sandstone reservoirs having multiple pay zones. The primary objective of the application of ESS® was to combat sand control problems while reducing well costs and simplifying operations by replacing gravel packing. The secondary objective of the ESS® application was to maximize productivity by eliminating / reducing skin damage which is inherently associated with gravel packing. Additionally, ESS® maximizes the wellbore radius by the expansion of the screen, facilitating the process of future well interventions and the application of "intelligent" well completions. Three wells in the Baram field were completed using ESS® with mixed success. The lessons learned from the Baram field were later utilized to optimize the methodology of application of ESS® in the two subsequent wells in Alab field. Experiences gathered by other operating companies e.g. Shell Brunei, Shell Expro and BP in the North Sea were also taken into consideration as a step forward in the learning curve to ensure successful installation in the Alab field. Further testing results performed by the vendor were also incorporated in the design and operational aspects of the wells. Consequently, ESS® has been successfully installed and overall objectives were achieved in the Alab field. Since the ESS® hardware was manufactured and installed by a single vendor, the exchange of data and information between various companies was easy to obtain. Study and research findings from the facilities of Shell and the vendor in Aberdeen and Houston were also incorporated in the design aspects of the wells that were completed in the Alab field. Due to the presence of pressure differential between the zones and contrasting reservoir fluid and rock characteristics it was necessary to produce the wells selectively with annular zonal isolation. Attempts to isolate the pay zones in the first well (BA-102) using Expandable Isolation Sleeve (EIS®) were not successful. However, modifications in the design for the subsequent wells (substitution of EIS® by EXP packers) yielded much better results and achieved well objectives. The primary objective of the ESS® application, i.e. sand control, was successfully achieved, based on the analysis of surface fluid samples. The wells are flowing at the expected rates. Sufficient well test / production data is not available on hand to assess the effectiveness of the ESS® in terms of impairment / improvement of productivity. Pressure build up (PBU) tests are planned in order to determine the extent of skin damage caused by the ESS®. Shell Brunei experienced satisfactory productivity index (P.I.) after completing their wells in S.W. Ampa and Champion fields, offshore Brunei1. Innovations and modifications of the existing equipment and methodology of application of ESS® technology are also proposed. These modifications generate cost savings and simplified deployment for the operator. Introduction As an emerging technology in well completions the application of Expandable Sand Screen (ESS®) is being accepted in the oil industry as a simple and reliable method of sand control with the additional benefit of improved well productivity. Previously, the sandy reservoirs of Petronas Carigali were completed by either gravel packing or fracpacking.

The Kikeh Development is the first major deepwater project in Malaysia, located offshore Sabah in 1,320m water depth. This 34 well oil development includes Dry Tree Unit (Spar) and subsea producers as well as gas and water injectors.The Kikeh Field architecture, as well as its subsurface characteristics, required many different completion types to meet the project goals. Early wellbore construction design and rig selection focused on performance while still achieving subsurface strategic requirements. Throughout the design and implementation, many challenges were met in upscaling suppliers to meet deepwater completion needs and managing multiple external interfaces. Great emphasis was placed on working as many activities as possible offline. In addition, lessons learned were captured and implemented immediately, thereby shortening the learning curve impact. This paper will discuss how these early decisions benefited long-term performance and will describe the grassroots effort for deepwater completion implementation in a new region of the world. Lastly, focus will be on the completion performance, including time, non-productive time and skin describing methodology and techniques used to deliver the Kikeh Development with world-class time and skin results.

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