The ASTRAL score is a simple integer-based score to predict functional outcome using 6 readily available items at hospital admission. It performed well in double external validation and may be a useful tool for clinical practice and stroke research.

Background and Purpose-Intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for stroke seems to be beneficial independent of the underlying etiology. Whether this is also true for cervical artery dissection (CAD) is addressed in this study. Methods-We used the Swiss IVT databank to compare outcome and complications of IVT-treated patients with CAD with IVT-treated patients with other etiologies (non-CAD patients). Main outcome and complication measures were favorable 3-month outcome, intracranial cerebral hemorrhage, and recurrent ischemic stroke. Modified Rankin Scale score Յ1 at 3 months was considered favorable. Results-Fifty-five (5.2%) of 1062 IVT-treated patients had CAD. Patients with CAD were younger (median age 50 versus 70 years) but had similar median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores (14 versus 13) and time to treatment (152.5 versus 156 minutes) as non-CAD patients. In the CAD group, 36% (20 of 55) had a favorable 3-month outcome compared with 44% (447 of 1007) non-CAD patients (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.41 to 1.26), which was less favorable after adjustment for age, gender, and National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score (OR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.27 to 0.95; Pϭ0.03). Intracranial cerebral hemorrhages (asymptomatic, symptomatic, fatal) were equally frequent in CAD (14% [7%, 7%, 2%]) and non-CAD patients (14% [9%, 5%, 2%]; Pϭ0.99). Recurrent ischemic stroke occurred in 1.8% of patients with CAD and in 3.7% of non-CAD-patients (Pϭ0.71). Conclusion-IVT-treated patients with CAD do not recover as well as IVT-treated non-CAD patients. However, intracranial bleedings and recurrent ischemic strokes were equally frequent in both groups. Key Words: carotid artery Ⅲ cervical artery dissection Ⅲ complications Ⅲ dissection Ⅲ outcome Ⅲ thrombolysis I ntravenous thrombolysis (IVT) for acute ischemic stroke using recombinant tissue plasminogen activator has been shown to be safe and efficacious. 1,2 Treatment response seems to be independent of the underlying stroke mechanism. 3 However, whether this observation includes patients with strokes attributable to cervical artery dissection (CAD) has not been studied. CAD is characterized by intramural accumulation of blood. Theoretically, IVT might promote and increase the intramural bleeding in CAD and cause progressive hemodynamic worsening and infarct growth. In patients with stroke with aortic dissection extending to the cervical arteries, IVT might be dangerous as it is in patients with IVT for myocardial infarction. 4 -6 According to recent pilot data, the outcome of 7 IVT-treated patients with CAD tended to be worse than that of 7 patients with CAD not treated with IVT. 7 In turn, patients with CAD have not been excluded from randomized, placebo-controlled trials 1,8,9 of IVT in stroke. Treatment guidelines 10 do not advise against IVT in such patients, but randomized, placebo-controlled trial-based data about IVT versus placebo in patients with CAD are not available. Only information of case series without control groups and small sample sizes (ie, 30, 11 11, 12 6, 13 a...

Several clinical and histopathologic features of 65 CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferations were evaluated for their diagnostic value between CD30+ primary versus secondary cutaneous lymphomas and for their prognostic significance. Primary cutaneous disease, spontaneous regression, and absence of extracutaneous spreading (but not age < or =60 years) were associated with a better prognosis. Epithelial membrane antigen, BNH9, CD15 or CBF.78 antigen were expressed in all types of cutaneous lymphoproliferations. However, epithelial membrane antigen immunoreactivity was more frequently expressed in CD30+ secondary cutaneous large-cell lymphoma. Among CD30+ primary cutaneous large-cell lymphoma, CD15 expression was only seen in localized skin lesions. P53 expression was not associated with spontaneous regression, extracutaneous spreading, or survival. Nested reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction allowed the detection of NPM-ALK transcripts in 10 of 26 CD30+ primary and in 3 of 11 secondary cutaneous large-cell lymphomas. The ALK protein was detected in only 1 of 50 primary and in 4 of 15 secondary cutaneous CD30+ lymphoproliferations. In CD30+ primary cutaneous lymphoproliferation, NPM-ALK transcripts might be expressed by very rare normal or tumoral cells that are undetectable by immunohistochemistry. However, the expression of either NPM-ALK transcripts or ALK-protein was not correlated with prognosis or age in CD30+ cutaneous lymphoproliferations.

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