Sulphonyl-and acyl-hydrazones of 2-ethynylbenzaldehyde cyclise in the presence of base to give isoquinoline N-imines in moderate yield. The suggested mechanism involves primary formation of the hydrazone anion followed by nucleophilic attack on the alkyne bond, either by the anionic nitrogen to give an unstable 3H-2,3-benzodiazepine which rearranges to the isoquinoline N-imine, or by the neutral imine nitrogen to give the isoquinoline system directly. Attempts to extend the reaction to the semicarbazone and 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazone were not successful.

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Generation of new axonal sprouts plays an important role in neural repair. In the current study, we examined the appearance, composition and effects of gene deletions on intrabrainstem sprouts following peripheral facial nerve axotomy. Axotomy was followed by the appearance of galanin ϩ and calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) ϩ sprouts peaking at day 14, matching both large, neuropeptide ϩ subpopulations of axotomized facial motoneurons, but with CGRP ϩ sprouts considerably rarer. Strong immunoreactivity for vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) and retrogradely transported MiniRuby following its application on freshly cut proximal facial nerve stump confirmed their axotomized motoneuron origin; the sprouts expressed CD44 and alpha7beta1 integrin adhesion molecules and grew apparently unhindered along neighboring central white matter tracts. Quantification of the galanin ϩ sprouts revealed a stronger response following cut compared with crush (day 7-14) as well as enhanced sprouting after recut (day 8 ϩ 6 vs. 14; 14 ϩ 8 vs. 22), arguing against delayed appearance of sprouting being the result of the initial phase of reinnervation. Sprouting was strongly diminished in brain Jun-deficient mice but enhanced in alpha7 null animals that showed apparently compensatory up-regulation in beta1, suggesting important regulatory roles for transcription factors and the sprout-associated adhesion molecules. Analysis of inflammatory stimuli revealed a 50% reduction 12-48 hours following systemic endotoxin associated with neural inflammation and a tendency toward more sprouts in TNFR1/2 null mutants (P ϭ 10%) with a reduced inflammatory response, indicating detrimental effects of excessive inflammation. Moreover, the study points to the usefulness of the facial axotomy model in exploring physiological and molecular stimuli regulating central sprouting. J. Comp. Neurol. 518:699 -721, 2010.

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Die Kondensation von 1‐Acyl‐2‐(Z‐oxoalkyn‐benzolen (I) mit Hydraziden (II) liefert Isochinolin‐N‐imine (III).