Perceptions of justice in decision outcomes and processes increases trust, support for authorities, and satisfaction with unfavorable outcomes (Lind and Tyler 1988). However, very little research has been done to apply justice concepts to natural resource decision making contexts (an exception is Lauber and Knuth 1997;1998). In the study presented here, two rounds of focus groups with public participants in the Northern Lower Michigan Ecosystem Management Project were conducted. Participants were asked to describe their experiences with and attitudes toward different types of public participation. They were also asked what criteria they use when judging the fairness of a natural resource agency decision. Themes emerging in the answers included the importance of representation, voice, consideration, logic, and desired outcomes. These are very similar to justice principles documented in other elds. This suggests managers would be wise to focus less on public participation techniques and more on achieving fair decision-making processes.

Around 176500 whales were killed in the sub-Antarctic waters off South Georgia (South Atlantic) between 1904 and 1965. In recent decades, whales have once again become summer visitors, with the southern right whale (SRW) the most commonly reported species until 2011. Here, we assess the distribution, temporal pattern, health status and likely prey of SRWs in these waters, combining observations from a summertime vessel-based expedition to South Georgia, stable isotope data collected from SRWs and putative prey and sightings reports collated by the South Georgia Museum. The expedition used directional acoustics and visual surveys to localise whales and collected skin biopsies and photo-IDs. During 76 h of visual observation effort over 19 expedition days, SRWs were encountered 15 times (~31 individuals). Photo-IDs, combined with publicly contributed images from commercial vessels, were reconciled and quality-controlled to form a catalogue of 6 fully (i.e. both sides) identified SRWs and 26 SRWs identified by either left or right sides. No photo-ID matches were found with lower-latitude calving grounds, but 3 whales had gull lesions supporting a direct link with Península Valdés, Argentina. The isotopic position of SRWs in the South Georgia food web suggests feeding on a combination of copepod and krill species. Opportunistic reports of SRW sightings and associated group sizes remain steady over time, while humpback whales provide a strong contrast, with increased sighting rates and group sizes seen since 2013. These data suggest a plateau in SRWs and an increasing humpback whale presence in South Georgia waters following the cessation of whaling.

S ub stance use prob lems (SUP), when com bined with other psy chi at ric dis or ders, are of ten com plex and dif fi cult to treat. These prob lem com bi na tions are the rule rather than the ex cep tion with substance-using youths. One area that has not been ade quately ex plored is that of youths with SUP who have had pre vi ous physi cal and sex ual abuse.Physi cal and sex ual abuse are ma jor pub lic health is sues. Inci dence rates re ported in the lit era ture vary (1,2). In Ca na dian high school youths, the preva lence of re ported physi cal abuse is 15% among males and 25% among fe males. The prevalence of sex ual abuse is 5% for males and 25% for fe males (2).The se quelae of physi cal and sex ual abuse can have longlasting nega tive con se quences for the vic tim. Both abuse types have been as so ci ated with a myr iad of prob lems, includ ing anxi ety, ag gres sive be hav iour, anger-management prob lems, in ter per sonal dif fi cul ties, post trau matic stress disor ders, de pres sion, sui ci dal be hav iour, attention-deficit hyper ac tiv ity dis or der, con duct dis or der, and the vul ner abil ity for de vel op ing other psy chi at ric dis or ders (3-8). Short-and long-term ef fects of abuse are re lated to many vari ables, among which sex is im por tant (9,10).. Al though it has been found that in di vidu als who re port physical and sex ual abuse have an in creased in ci dence of SUP in later life (3,7), there are few re li able data for spe cific prevalence rates. Im por tant clini cal im pli ca tions of comor bid sequelae of abuse and SUP-such as drug-pattern use, clini cal course, prog no sis, and treat ment re sponse-have not been stud ied in ado les cents and young adults. This proj ect fo cuses on these is sues. Re view ing ini tial as sess ment in take data of youths with SUP can pro vide a greater un der stand ing of the

Objective: To explore how the nature youth expectancies (i.e. their underlying attitudinal and motivational factors) influence help seeking behavioural patterns for Substance Use Problems (SUP). Method: Focus groups were conducted to collect the most important items/issues identified by youth, in their own words. Twenty-four participants were recruited, ranging in ages 14-21 years, 17 males, 7 females, which were formed into four focus groups. Participants were recruited from group homes/shelters, addiction programs, mental health services, general youth programs, and schools in Toronto Canada. The participants had a variety of cultural and social economic status backgrounds. This qualitative data was analyzed by the technique of content analysis. Results: A number of theoretical constructs or themes were elicited from the focus group data. Most constructs supported existing literature, but a number of novel constructs or variations of old ones emerged, regarding first contact with therapy providers, motivation to change, family involvement, forced treatment, and initial and ongoing contact with therapy. Conclusions: The focus group data contained important constructs in regards to help-seeking expectancies and confirms findings from other research in this area. This data has the potential to assist in helping predict outcomes for adolescents with SUP, as well as significantly assist mental health professionals in lowering barriers to help seeking. Understanding these barriers is an initial step toward the development of an evidence-base for treatment program improvements and specialized services that will promote help seeking among this population.