Cel pracy: Analiza metod wykonywania nielegalnych aborcji oraz przyczyn śmierci kobiet, które poddały się zabiegowi w okresie międzywojennym. Materiał i metody: Badania przeprowadzono na podstawie protokołów sekcyjnych z lat 1920-1939 archiwizowanych w Katedrze Medycyny Sądowej na Uniwersytecie Jagiellońskim Collegium Medicum w Krakowie. Zgłębiono przypadki śmierci kobiet w ciąży lub w okresie okołoporodowym. Wykluczone zostały przypadki aborcji wykonanej legalnie ze względów medycznych. Wyniki: W omawianym okresie stwierdzono 101 przypadków nielegalnych aborcji -21 wykonanych było przez akuszerkę, a trzy przez wykwalifikowany personel medyczny. Użycie cewnika lub drutu odnotowano w 19 przypadkach, wstrzyknięcie substancji poronnej lub ostrzyknięcie płodu w ośmiu. Urazy bądź perforacja ściany pochwy lub macicy -odpowiednio 27 i 10 przypadków, były najczęściej stwierdzonymi zmianami świadczącymi o spędzeniu płodu. Wnioski: W większości przypadków (71) śmierć nastąpiła na skutek zapalenia otrzewnej lub sepsy, których źródłem zakażenia były narządy płciowe.

Comparison of Suicidal Poisonings with Chemicals and Drugs in the Years 1930–1939 and 2010–2019 in the Materials of the Forensic Medicine Institute in Krakow The study aims to compare suicide poisoning and poisons used to commit suicide in the 1930s and today. The focus is on autopsy protocols from 1930–1939 and 2010–2019 collected at the Forensic Medicine Institute in Krakow. In the years 1930–1939, there were 184 cases, 65 of which were among men and 119 among women. The most common poisons were corrosives, accounting for 69 cases, 43 were carbon monoxide, 24 were drugs and narcotics, 17 were heavy metals, and the remaining 31 were other substances. Of the 138 suicide poisonings in modern times, 96 were committed by men and 42 by women. The most common poisoning was multi-drug poisoning – 62 cases. Opioids, benzodiazepines, neuroleptics and antidepressants were the most frequently chosen substances today. Fatal intoxications with drugs/new psychoactive substances (NCAs) were observed in 28 cases, while other substances were used in the remaining 17. The conducted analysis showed a significant decrease in suicidal poisoning with the use of corrosive substances and gases, while the percentage of drug overdoses is systematically growing. Poisons used for suicide purposes in the 1930s left macroscopic changes that could be instantly noticed during the autopsy. The fact that drugs that are currently used most often do not leave such changes may justify the dynamic development of forensic toxicology.

Aim: The aim of the study was to analyze and compare the most common post-mortem changes which can be found in the body after ligature strangulation and compare it with the most recent literature. Materials and methods: autopsy protocols from years 2001–2020 gathered in the Department of Forensic Medicine in Kraków were investigated. 37 cases of certain and possible strangulation were found and analysed. Prevalence of ligature strangulation, age, sex, information concerning perpetrator and post-mortem changes were considered. Results: we found and analysed 37 cases, however only in 16 cases the certain cause of death was ligature strangulation. in the remaining 18 cases the mechanism of death was not precisely defined. in 3 cases advanced late post-mortem changes disturbed establishment of certain identification. Women constituted 87.5% of all victims, while men 12.5%. among 16 certain ligature strangulations we analysed the most important post-mortem changes. Both subconjunctival hemorrhagic petechiae and facial skin petechiae were observed in 93.8% of the cases, laryngeal or hyoid fracture in 56.3%, and hemorrhages in neck muscles were detected in 87.5% of the cases. Conclusions: The most frequent post-mortem changes after ligature strangulation include subconjunctival petechiae, facial skin petechiae and hemorrhages in the neck muscles which are convergent with the data found in literature. The autopsy may not indicate the circumstance of strangulation.