part ment of Geo mor phol ogy and Qua ter nary Ge ol ogy, Baayńskiego 4, 80-952 Gdańsk, Po land Rudowski, S., Rucińska-Zjadacz, M., Wróblewski, R., Sitkiewicz, P., 2016. Sub ma rine land slides on the slope of a sandy bar rier: a case study of the tip of the Hel Pen in sula in the South ern Bal tic. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 60 (2): 407-416, doi: 10.7306/gq.1291 The aim of the study is to pres ent the oc cur rence of land slides on the sub ma rine slope of a sandy bar rier. The scale and sig-nif i cance of this phe nom e non is dis cussed. The study area is the Hel Pen in sula. It is a 35 km long young sandy spit. The landform is prograding into the deep part of Gdańsk Bay, and the un der wa ter ex ten sion of its tip is a steep sandy slope. The tip is still poorly in ves ti gated, as it was a mil i tary area closed to re search ers un til 2003. The first de tailed sur vey of the tip on the sea bed was con ducted aboard the re search ves sel "IMOR". A multibeam echosounder, a sub-bot tom profiler and a side-scan so nar were used, while grab and core sam ples of sed i ment were ob tained. Many forms, com monly cre ated as the re sult of un der wa ter mass move ment, were rec og nized and de ter mined (main scarps, main bod ies, land slide steps, landslide foots, se ries of small slides, "sheet" slides and struc tural slides). On the one hand, the land slide pro cesses that oc cur in the tip of the Hel Pen in sula are re lated to the nat u ral de vel op ment of sandy spits. On the other hand, they threaten the shore's sta bil ity. The gen e sis of the land slides is still not known. Key words: un der wa ter mass move ments, sandspit, dig i tal ter rain model, side-scan so nar, sub-bot tom pro fil ing.

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Bottom structure of the basins in the Port of Gdynia, Poland, was analysed based on the archival materials of the Department of Operational Oceanography of Marine Institute in Gdańsk, particularly seismic profiles and macroscopic descriptions of sediment cores. Seismic profiling and core collection were performed in selected basins and within the fairway. The rich source material was used to draw a detailed bathymetric map of the bottom of the basins, a map of surface sediments, and a synthetic geological cross-section. A considerable variation in bottom depth within the analysed basins was observed. Bedrock sediments comprised Miocene sands and silts covered with glacial and fluvioglacial sediments, which reach the surface of the water, especially in the central part of the fairway. Within the eastern part of the fairway, fluvioglacial sediments are covered with marine sediments related to the Littorina transgression. Within the inner port and in the outport, a series of glacial and fluvioglacial sediments are covered with a thick (about 10 m) series of glaciolacustrine and lacustrine sediments, which in turn is covered with fluvial and deltaic sediments. The surface of the bottom is composed of contemporary, anthropogenically modified sediments. The map of surface sediments of the bottom corresponds to the geological map on the horizon of about 10 meters beneath land surface.

The aim of this study is to determine the state and changes of the Vistula Canal (Wisła Przekop) external delta relief, in the period of [2009][2010][2011][2012][2013][2014], and in relation to the assessment of the conditions of free runoff of the Vistula River waters. This is an important element for assessing the effectiveness of flood prevention in the area of Żuławy. The basis of the study are detailed bathymetry monitoring and morphometric measurements of the external delta with the supply channel. Modern equipment was used (mainly RTK and DGPS specialist navigation systems and multibeam echosounder), providing the obtainment of a digital model of the seabed surface, with decimeter accuracy of location points. In subsequent years, a series of bathymetric maps for the scale of 1:10 000 was made, as well as relief maps and maps of differential changes of the relief. The observed significant changes in the nature of the relief (with relatively small changes in the contours of the delta), indicate their important role in shaping the conditions of free runoff Vistula waters.Streszczenie: Celem pracy jest określenie stanu i zmian rzeźby stożka ujściowego Wisły Przekop, w okresie lat 2009-2014, w relacji do oceny warunków swobodnego spływu wód Wisły. Stanowi to istotny element dla oceny skuteczności zapobiegania powodziom w rejonie Żuław. Podstawę badań stanowią szczegółowe, monitoringowe pomiary batymetrii i morfometrii stożka wraz z kanałem doprowadzającym. Stosowano nowoczesną aparaturę (głównie DGPS RTK i specjalistyczne systemy nawigacyjne oraz echosondę wielowiązkową) zapewniającą uzyskanie cyfrowego modelu powierzchni dna, z decymetrową dokładnością położenia punktów. W kolejnych latach wykonano serię map batymetrycznych dla skali 1:10 000, map rzeźby i map różnicowych zmian rzeźby. Stwierdzone znaczne zmiany charakteru rzeźby (przy względnie niewielkim zmianach konturów stożka), wskazują na ich istotna rolę w kształtowaniu warunków swobodnego spływu wód Wisły.

This work is dedicated to examining the soil and forest vegetation characteristics in the landfills of quarries of various ages and climatic conditions (Kuzbass, Mosbass, and Sokolovsky quarry). The work was based on the analysis of the statements for 2001–2021. In the Kuzbass region, pH values were found to have fallen to 5.0. A similar trend was seen in the area of the younger Mosbass and Sokolovsky quarries. The basal soil respiration rate career was extremely low (about 0.3 mg CO2/g of soil/h). The CO2 content in the carbonate ranges from 0.07 to 0.7%, with the higher figures observed in older Kuzbass rather than Mosbass and Sokolovsky quarry. Analysis of soil samples from three quarries revealed four species groups at sites associated with the prevalence of specific fractions, such as gravel, sand, silt, and stony soil. The dominant species present on the gravel substrate were Downy Birch, Common Hornbeam, European Oak, Siberian Spruce, Common Juniper, Siberian Larch, Common Pine, and Siberian Fir. Given that Kuzbass is the oldest open-pit mine, forest vegetation species dominate here in the surveyed areas, which is typical of gravel soils. Mosbass is also characterized by a diversity of similar species, though work on mineral mining there ended in 2009. Stony and sandy soil fractions predominated in the Sokolovsky quarry, although other studied substrates were also encountered.