BACKGROUNDThe aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of empagliflozin as an add-on drug in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients demonstrating inadequate disease control to triple drug treatment of glimepiride, metformin and teneligliptin.

BACKGROUNDCanagliflozin is a well-tolerated sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor, with remarkable efficacy in providing glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, limited evidence is available from national and international studies on the efficacy of the drug as an add-on to triple drug treatment for T2DM. The present study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of canagliflozin (100 mg) as an add-on therapy in T2DM patients with inadequate disease control to triple drug treatment with glimepiride, metformin and teneligliptin.

BACKGROUND Cabergoline (CAB) has emerged as an effective and well-tolerated drug for the treatment of hyperprolactinemia. However, the drug was included in the pregnancy risk category B by US Food and drug administration. There is limited literature evidence on the use of CAB for treating microprolactinoma during pregnancy, especially among Indian population. The present study was conducted to evaluate the pregnancy outcomes in patients with microprolactinoma, who underwent CAB treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS The prospective study was conducted in a clinical practice setting in India from Jan 2016 to Dec 2017. The study included female subjects with microprolactinoma, aged between 20-35 years, treated with CAB (0.5 mg to 1.5 mg per week) for a period of 4-12 months, prior to conception and during early weeks of gestation. Level of prolactin was measured at diagnosis, pregnancy confirmation and at the 3 rd month of gestation. Pregnancy, delivery and neonatal complications were the outcome measures considered. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis of the study variables. RESULTS The study included a total of 16 subjects with an average age of 26±3.15 years. The average level of prolactin decreased from 122.5±32 mcg/ltr. at diagnosis to 32 (28-54) mcg/ltr. at conception. Spontaneous abortion, pre-term delivery, and neonatal complications were observed in 37.5% (n=6) of the cases. CONCLUSION The current study findings corroborate the previous literature evidence suggesting CAB as an effective drug for the treatment of prolactinomas, specifically microprolactinoma. The study demonstrates that CAB administration, prior to conception and during early weeks of gestation, is not significantly associated with pregnancy-related complications.