Fecha de recepción: 28 de julio del 2016 Fecha de aceptación y versión final: 26 de junio del 2017 RESUMEN: Este trabajo, partiendo del marco brindado por los estudios sobre transnacionalismo y representación política, investiga dos de los mecanismos institucionales que 22 Estados de América Latina y el Caribe han diseñado para incorporar en su proceso político a sus emigrantes -la reserva de puestos en cámaras legislativas y los consejos consultivos-. El análisis revela que únicamente la mitad de los Estados de la muestra cuentan con algún mecanismo de representación institucional de emigrantes.Palabras clave: emigrantes; consejos consultivos; cámaras legislativas; representación; transnacionalismo.ABSTRACT: This paper, using the framework provided by studies on transnationalism and political representation, analyzes the institutional mechanisms that 22 states of Latin America and the Caribbean have designed to formally incorporate emigrants into their political process -reserved seats in their legislative chambers and advisory boards-. This analysis reveals that almost half of the states included in the sample do have a mechanism of institutional representation for emigrants.

Part 3: Policy and StakeholdersInternational audienceReducing the digital divide is one of the main policy objectives of the “Europe 2020 Strategy” (2010) and the “Riga Declaration” (2006). To this end, the EU transfers structural funds for broadband expansion to regional governments rather than to the national level which is typically seen as the decisive actor in broadband expansion. To explore the relevance of the regions in widening broadband access, we analyze the influence of economic, demographic and institutional factors on broadband expansion at the regional and national level. In order to account for the interplay between both levels of government, we employ a multi-level regression model. We find that regional level variables are able to explain part of broadband access improvement. Significant variables are ERDF expenditure dedicated to broadband expansion, the status of regional broadband diffusion in 2008 and the national degree of inter-platform competition. The paper concludes that, although there is evidence of the role of the regions in the European policy process, the national level still performs an important gatekeeper function and that national ICT strategies are needed to successfully close the geographical digital divide in the EU

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