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Usability and accessibility have become increasingly important in computing curricula. This article briefly reviews how these concepts may be included in existing courses. The authors conducted a survey of student attitudes toward these issues at the start and end of a usability engineering course that included a group project with an accessibility component. Results of the survey indicate that students' awareness of issues related to usability and accessibility are increased after taking the course and completing the project. Our work and results are potentially valuable to CS educators in three ways: (1) They validate the usefulness of the survey instrument in assessing pedagogies in usability engineering, (2) They provide useful insights into the attitudes of CS majors relative to the important topics of usability and accessibility, and (3) They point to possible benefits of including usability and accessibility topics into CS curricula. ACM Reference Format:Poor, G. M., Leventhal, L. M., Barnes, J., Hutchings, D. R., Albee, P., and Campbell, L. 2012. No user left behind: Including accessibility in student projects and the impact on CS students' attitudes. ACM Trans.

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Many programming bugs can lead to privilege escalation, which is a major security concern. However, there are times when the concern proves to be a false positive.In a previous paper, "An Approach to Analyzing the Windows and Linux Security Models", a set of metrics was proposed to assess risks quantitatively [1]. However, with the risk quantified, there is still not a clearly defined way of distinguishing between the true and false positives on the continuum of security risks. An effective method needs to be developed to solve this problem.In this paper, a new set of qualitative metrics is proposed in order to draw a correct conclusion on the criticality of a privilege escalation case. This set of qualitative metrics works more effectively to answer this question. Two cases are examined to demonstrate how this set of qualitative metrics works. Through a comparison of these two cases, it is demonstrated that the question of true or false positive to privilege escalation can be answered correctly. Therefore, this is an effective solution in solving this different type of problems.